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Energetics and development modes of Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean including Burdwood Bank/MPA Namuncurá

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Abstract

Reproduction is a highly expensive process that during gonadal development requires an important supply of nutrients. The allocation of energy can vary throughout the reproductive cycle, between sexes and development modes. During research cruise aboard the RV Puerto Deseado in April 2016, we collected fifteen species of sea stars from the southernmost region of Argentina. The main purposes of the present study were threefold: first, to revise and report novel information on the reproductive strategies and energetic density (ED) of body components from the asteroids of the southwestern Atlantic Ocean including Burdwood Bank/ MPA Namuncurá; second, to compare the ED of these body components across species with contrasting reproductive strategies; third, to provide a tool to estimate the ED from dry mass of organs of the sea star species examined. Ovaries of Diplopteraster verrucosus (a brooder with a nidamental chamber) revealed a significantly greater ED than did the testes (29.81 ± 1.38 and 17.76 ± 1.59, respectively). In Glabraster antarctica (a broadcaster with yolky eggs and facultative planktotrophic larvae), the gonads had EDs of 25.78 ± 3.16 and 19.21 ± 0.52 (females and males, respectively). While in Peribolaster folliculatus (a broadcaster with eggs with low yolk content and inferred planktotrophic larvae) there was no significant difference in the ED values between sexes (females: 22.79 ± 1.10 and males: 20.46 ± 1.05). For the pyloric caeca, ED values did not reveal any difference between sexes, although in P. folliculatus, the ED was significantly higher than that for D. verrucosus and G. antarctica (25.90 ± 1.00, 23.03 ± 0.34, and 22.66 ± 0.65, respectively). The body wall had higher ED values in D. verrucosus and P. folliculatus than that for all the sea star species analyzed (46.48 ± 1.63, 51.17 ± 1.34, respectively). Higher ED values in the ovaries could be related to the nutrition of offspring, while differences found in the body wall may reflect the skeletal structure of this body component. This research provides basic information for understanding the differences on energetic allocation when contrasting development modes are considered.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the crew of the RV “Puerto Deseado” for support during the sampling procedures as well as to Drs. Daniel Roccatagliata and Laura Schejter for their commitment to coordinating the work on board. We also thank the members of Laboratorio de Ecología, Fisiología y Evolución de Organismos Acuáticos (CADIC-CONICET) and Lic. Yamila Becker, Dr. Pablo Di Salvatore, Lic. Sebastian Franzese, and Lic. Virginia García Alonso for their technical assistance during the research cruise. We thank Dr. Gustavo Lovrich, Dr. Isidro Bosch, Dr. J. B. McClintock, and Charlotte Regula-Whitefield for reviewing the manuscript and for their valuable suggestions that have considerably improved the final version. We finally thank Dr. Gustavo Lovrich and James McClintock for their help revising the language.

Funding

This study was funded by Fundación Felipe Fiorellino, Universidad Maimónides. This is the scientific contribution 22 of the Marine Protected Area Namuncurá (National Law 26875).

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  1. Laboratorio de Invertebrados Marinos, CEBBAD, Universidad Maimónides, CONICET, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Cintia P. Fraysse, Analía F. Pérez & Javier A. Calcagno

  2. Laboratorio de Ecología, Fisiología Y Evolución de Organismos Acuáticos, CADIC - CONICET, Ushuaia, Argentina

    Cintia P. Fraysse & Claudia C. Boy

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  1. Cintia P. Fraysse
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Correspondence to Analía F. Pérez or Claudia C. Boy.

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All permissions for collecting samples from the 'Marine Protected Area Namuncurá (MPAN) were issued by its Administrative Council by authorizing and funding the scientific missions. All sampling procedures and experimental manipulations follow the guidelines approved by the Universidad de Buenos Aires (Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Bioterio Central,https://exactas.uba.ar/cicual/).

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Fraysse, C.P., Pérez, A.F., Calcagno, J.A. et al. Energetics and development modes of Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean including Burdwood Bank/MPA Namuncurá. Polar Biol 43, 175–186 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-020-02621-6

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