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Alleviation potential of green-synthesized selenium nanoparticles for cadmium stress in Solanum lycopersicum L: modulation of secondary metabolites and physiochemical attributes

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Selenium nanoparticles reduce cadmium absorption in tomato roots, mitigating heavy metal effects. SeNPs can efficiently help to enhance growth, yield, and biomolecule markers in cadmium-stressed tomato plants.

Abstract

In the present study, the effects of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were investigated on the tomato plants grown in cadmium-contaminated soil. Nanoparticles were synthesized using water extract of Nigella sativa and were characterized for their size and shape. Two application methods (foliar spray and soil drench) with nanoparticle concentrations of 0, 100, and 300 mg/L were used to observe their effects on cadmium-stressed plants. Growth, yield, biochemical, and stress parameters were studied. Results showed that SeNPs positively affected plant growth, mitigating the negative effects of cadmium stress. Shoot length (SL), root length (RL), number of branches (NB), number of leaves per plant (NL), and leaf area (LA) were significantly reduced by cadmium stress but enhanced by 45, 51, 506, 208, and 82%, respectively, by soil drench treatment of SeNPs. Similarly, SeNPs increased the fruit yield (> 100%) and fruit weight (> 100%), and decreased the days to fruit initiation in tomato plants. Pigments were also positively affected by the SeNPs, particularly in foliar treatment. Lycopene content was also enhanced by the addition of NPs (75%). Furthermore, the addition of SeNPs improved the ascorbic acid, protein, phenolic, flavonoid, and proline contents of the tomato plants under cadmium stress, whereas stress enzymes also showed enhanced activities under cadmium stress. It is concluded from the present study that the addition of selenium nanoparticles enhanced the growth and yield of Cd-stressed plants by reducing the absorption of cadmium and increasing the stress management of plants.

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Acknowledgements

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deputyship for Research and Innovation, “Ministry of Education” in Saudi Arabia for funding this research (IFKSUOR3-552-3).

Funding

This study was funded by the Deputyship for Research and Innovation, “Ministry of Education” Saudi Arabia (IFKSUOR3-552-3).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan

    Asma Ahmad, Sumera Javad, Sumera Iqbal & Kiran Shahzadi

  2. Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Mansour K. Gatasheh

  3. Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China

    Talha Javed

Authors
  1. Asma Ahmad
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  2. Sumera Javad
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  3. Sumera Iqbal
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  4. Kiran Shahzadi
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  5. Mansour K. Gatasheh
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  6. Talha Javed
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Contributions

AA, carried out the research work; SJ, conceptualized and supervised the research work; SI, interpreted the results and wrote the draft; KS, data analysis; MKG, initial draft formation and statistical analysis; TJ, data interpretation and reviewing the draft.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sumera Javad.

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Communicated by Neal Stewart.

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Ahmad, A., Javad, S., Iqbal, S. et al. Alleviation potential of green-synthesized selenium nanoparticles for cadmium stress in Solanum lycopersicum L: modulation of secondary metabolites and physiochemical attributes. Plant Cell Rep 43, 113 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-024-03197-9

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