Abstract
Key message
VyPUB21 plays a key role during the defense against powdery mildew in grapes.
Abstract
Ubiquitin-ligating enzyme (E3), a type of protein widely found in plants, plays a key role in their resistance to disease. Yet how E3 participates in the disease-resistant response of Chinese wild grapevine (Vitis yeshanensis) remains unclear. Here we isolated and identified a U-box type E3 ubiquitin ligase, VyPUB21, from V. yeshanensis. This gene’s expression level rose rapidly after induction by exogenous salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ETH) and powdery mildew. In vitro ubiquitination assay results revealed VyPUB21 could produce ubiquitination bands after co-incubation with ubiquitin, ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2); further, mutation of the conserved amino acid site in the U-box can inhibit the ubiquitination. Transgenic VyPUB21 Arabidopsis had low susceptibility to powdery mildew, and significantly fewer conidiophores and spores on its leaves. Expression levels of disease resistance-related genes were also augmented in transgenic Arabidopsis, and its SA concentration also significantly increased. VyPUB21 interacts with VyNIMIN and targets VyNIMIN protein hydrolysis through the 26S proteasome system. Thus, the repressive effect of the NIMIN–NPR complex on the late systemic acquired resistance (SAR) gene was attenuated, resulting in enhanced resistance to powdery mildew. These results indicate that VyPUB21 encoding ubiquitin ligase U-box E3 activates the SA signaling pathway, and VyPUB21 promotes the expression of late SAR gene by degrading the important protein VyNIMIN of SA signaling pathway, thus enhancing grape resistance to powdery mildew.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author on request.
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Funding
This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 32072517), Program for Science & Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province (21HASTIT035), Top Young Talents in Central Plains (No. Yuzutong (2021)44), Luoyang City Science and Technology Planning Project (2101102A).
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YY conceived and designed the experiments. LW, AZ, XP, YS, and ML conducted the experiments. LW and XL performed data analysis, interpretation, and investigation. LW and LB wrote the manuscript. YY and QS revised the original manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
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Wang, L., Bian, L., Shi, Q. et al. The Vitis yeshanensis U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase VyPUB21 enhances resistance to powdery mildew by targeting degradation of NIM1-interacting (NIMIN) protein. Plant Cell Rep 43, 93 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-024-03180-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-024-03180-4