Abstract
Key message
Our review has described principles and functional importance of CRISPR-Cas9 with emphasis on the recent advancements, such as CRISPR-Cpf1, base editing (BE), prime editing (PE), epigenome editing, tissue-specific (CRISPR-TSKO), and inducible genome editing and their potential applications in generating stress-tolerant plants.
Abstract
Improved agricultural practices and enhanced food crop production using innovative crop breeding technology is essential for increasing access to nutritious foods across the planet. The crop plants play a pivotal role in energy and nutrient supply to humans. The abiotic stress factors, such as drought, heat, and salinity cause a substantial yield loss in crop plants and threaten food security. The most sustainable and eco-friendly way to overcome these challenges are the breeding of crop cultivars with improved tolerance against abiotic stress factors. The conventional plant breeding methods have been highly successful in developing abiotic stress-tolerant crop varieties, but usually cumbersome and time-consuming. Alternatively, the CRISPR/Cas genome editing has emerged as a revolutionary tool for making efficient and precise genetic manipulations in plant genomes. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the CRISPR/Cas genome editing (GE) technology with an emphasis on recent advances in the plant genome editing, including base editing (BE), prime editing (PE), epigenome editing, tissue-specific (CRISPR-TSKO), and inducible genome editing (CRISPR-IGE), which can be used for obtaining cultivars with enhanced tolerance to various abiotic stress factors. We also describe tissue culture-free, DNA-free GE technology, and some of the CRISPR-based tools that can be modified for their use in crop plants.
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Acknowledgements
We thank B. A. Naidu for his help in figure preparation, and our colleagues for valuable suggestions related to the manuscript.
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S.R.Y. acknowledge Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Government of India and Indian National Science Academy (INSA) for financial support to the various projects. University Grant Commission (UGC), Government of India is acknowledged to provide fellowships to K.C. and H.S. M.J. acknowledge funding from Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) under the core grant scheme. P.K.T and M.J acknowledge funding from Department of Biotechnology (DBT), under the Tata Innovation Fellowship scheme.
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K. C. wrote the manuscript. H. S. contributed in figure preparation. P. K. T., M. J. and S. R. Y. contributed in providing various inputs during the manuscript preparation.
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Communicated by Manzer H. Siddiqui.
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299_2021_2681_MOESM1_ESM.jpg
Supplementary file1 Supplementary Figure S1: Schematic representation of tissue culture-free genome editing. The meristems of growing plant species can be removed and cut portion can be inoculated with Agrobacterium harbouring DRs, CRISPR constructs. Overtime, de novo genome edited shoots form, and editing events are transmitted to the next generation (JPG 547 KB)
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Chennakesavulu, K., Singh, H., Trivedi, P.K. et al. State-of-the-Art in CRISPR Technology and Engineering Drought, Salinity, and Thermo-tolerant crop plants. Plant Cell Rep 41, 815–831 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-021-02681-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-021-02681-w