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Physicomechanical and cytotoxic effects of a newly developed dental hybrid composite adhesive cement reinforced with zirconia and alumina

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Abstract

Dental cement made from silica rice husks, reinforced with zirconia and alumina, may carry improved physical and mechanical properties. This study aimed to investigate the physical and mechanical properties and the cytotoxicity of an experimental dental hybrid composite adhesive cement (DCAC), made from silica rice husk and containing different amounts of zirconia and alumina. Five groups were included, namely a control group with DCAC comprising only silica (CTR); groups containing either 3 wt.% zirconia (Zr3), 3 wt.% alumina (AL3), or 10 wt.% alumina (AL10); and a positive control group (Rely-X U200). The DCACs were characterised based on the degree of conversion (DC) and void volumes, then tested for compressive strength (CS) and cytotoxicity. In all groups, DC was higher than 60% and there was no significant difference between groups, except for CTR. Void content significantly decreased when the hybrid fillers were used (p < 0.05). The CS of group AL10, with a higher alumina weight fraction, was significantly different from CTR (p < 0.05). At concentration < 100 mg mL−1, cytotoxicity of DCAC was comparable to Rely-X U200. Reinforcement of DCAC with zirconia and alumina may, thus, improve its physical and mechanical properties. Hybridisation of different filler particle sizes is one way to improve both physical and mechanical properties. All DCACs showed no or minimal cytotoxicity.

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Acknowledgements

All authors contributed towards data analysis, drafting and critically revising the paper and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.The authors thank Medigate Sdn. Bhd. for providing dental light-curing unit and technicians for their support in the laboratory. This work was supported by the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education through the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme [grant number 203/PBAHAN/6071385] and Universiti Sains Malaysia under the Research University Grant [grant number 1001/PPSG/8012215].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia

    Noor Huda Ismail, Raja Azman Awang & Thirumulu Ponnuraj Kannan

  2. Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia

    Thirumulu Ponnuraj Kannan

  3. School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia

    Zuratul Ain Abdul Hamid & Mariati Jaafar

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  1. Noor Huda Ismail
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  4. Zuratul Ain Abdul Hamid
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All authors contributed towards data analysis, drafting and critically revising the paper and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

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Correspondence to Mariati Jaafar.

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Ismail, N.H., Awang, R.A., Kannan, T.P. et al. Physicomechanical and cytotoxic effects of a newly developed dental hybrid composite adhesive cement reinforced with zirconia and alumina. Polym. Bull. 80, 6945–6964 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-022-04381-1

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