Abstract
Blended polymer composite films of PEO + PVP:Li+ and also embedded with copper–constantan nanoparticles (CC NPs) have been prepared by a solution casting method. Structural and electrical properties are carried out by XRD and impedance analyser. The XRD profiles of the prepared samples revealed their semi-crystalline nature. FT-IR and Raman analysis affirms the complex formation between the polymer and dopant ions. The surface morphological studies and the size evaluation of the inclusive CC NPs which were dispersed in the PEO + PVP:Li+ solid polymer electrolytes have been systematically analysed by SEM and TEM. The ionic conductivity enhancement is observed with increasing the CC NPs concentration in the PEO + PVP:Li+ SPE films. The CC NPs impregnated PEO + PVP:Li+ SPE films were found to result in enrichment of the ionic conductivity than PEO + PVP:Li+ SPE. The maximum obtained ionic conductivity is found to be 1.04 × 10−4 S/cm at the optimised concentration 4 wt% of CC NPs in the composite at RT. 4 wt% CC NPs contained PEO + PVP:Li+ SPE film display superior performance in terms of cell specifications. These results explore the present 4 wt% CC NPs impregnated PEO + PVP:Li+ electrolyte could be suggested as promising candidate for solid state electrochemical device applications.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Lauter U, Meyer WH, Wegner G (1997) Molecular composites from rigid-rod poly(p-phenylene)s with oligo(oxyethylene) side chains as novel polymer electrolytes. Macromolecules 30:2092–2101. doi:10.1021/ma961098y
Wu H, Yu G, Pan L, Liu N, McDowell MT, Bao Z, Cui Y (2012) Stable Li-ion battery anodes by in-situ polymerization of conducting hydrogel to conformally coat silicon nanoparticles. Nat Commun 4:1–6. doi:10.1038/ncomms2941
Scrosati B (2000) Recent advances in lithium ion battery materials. Electrochim Acta 45:2461–2466. doi:10.1016/S0013-4686(00)00333-9
Rajendran S, Sivakumar M, Subadevi R (2003) Effect of salt concentration in poly(vinyl alcohol)-based solid polymer electrolytes. J Power Sources 124:225–230. doi:10.1016/S0378-7753(03)00591-3
Sengwa RJ, Dhatarwal P, Choudhary S (2015) Effects of plasticizer and nanofiller on the dielectric dispersion and relaxation behaviour of polymer blend based solid polymer electrolytes. Curr Appl Phys 15:135–143. doi:10.1016/j.cap.2014.12.003
Kumar K, Ravi M, Pavani Y, Bhavani S, Sharma AK, Rao VVRN (2012) Electrical conduction mechanism in NaCl complexed PEO/PVP Polymer blend electrolytes. J Non Cryst Solids 358:3205–3211. doi:10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2012.08.022
Saroj AL, Singh RK, Chandra S (2013) Studies on polymer electrolyte poly(vinyl)pyrrolidone (PVP) complexed with ionic liquid: effect of complexation on thermal stability, conductivity and relaxation behaviour. Mater Sci Eng B 178:231–238. doi:10.1016/j.mseb.2012.11.007
Kumar KN, Kang M, Sivaiah K, Ravi M, Ratnakaram YC (2016) Enhanced electrical properties of polyethylene oxide (PEO) + polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP): Li+ blended polymer electrolyte films with addition of Ag nanofiller. Ionics 21:1–11. doi:10.1007/s11581-015-1599-4
Kumar KK, Ravi M, Pavani Y, Bhavani S, Sharma AK, Rao VVRN (2011) Investigations on the effect of complexation of NaF salt with polymer blend (PEO/PVP) electrolytes on ionic conductivity and optical energy band gaps. Phys B 406:1706–1712. doi:10.1016/j.physb.2011.02.010
Dey A, Das K, Karan S, De SK (2011) Vibrational spectroscopy and ionic conductivity of polyethylene oxide–NaClO4–CuO nanocomposite. Spectrochim Acta 83:384–391. doi:10.1016/j.saa.2011.08.050
Baskaran R, Selvasekarapandian S, Kuwata N, Kawamura J, Hattori T (2006) Conductivity and thermal studies of blend polymer electrolytes based on PVAc–PMMA. Solid State Ionics 177:2679–2682. doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2006.04.013
Zelazowska E, Rysiakiewicz-Pasek E, borczuch-Laczka M (2005) Sol–gel derived Li-ion conducting polymer electrolytes. Mater Sci Poland 23(1):177
Noor SAM, Ahmad A, Talib IA, Rahman MYA (2010) Morphology, chemical interaction, and conductivity of a PEO-ENR50 based on solid polymer electrolyte. Ionics 16:161–170. doi:10.1007/s11581-009-0385-6
Rajendran S, Kannan R, Mahendran O (2001) Ionic conductivity studies in poly(methylmethacrylate)–polyethlene oxide hybrid polymer electrolytes with lithium salts. J Power Sources 96:406–410. doi:10.1016/S0378-7753(00)00573-5
Papke BL, Ratner MA, Shriver DF (1982) Vibrational spectroscopic determination of structure and ion pairing in complexes of poly(ethylene oxide) with lithium salts. J Electrochem Soc 129:1434–1438. doi:10.1149/1.2124179
SireeratIntarakamhang: thesis, ISBN 974-533-520-7, 54 (2005)
Reddy CHVS, Ji A-P, Zhu Q-Y, Mai L-Q, Chen W (2006) Preparation and characterization of (PVP + NaClO4) electrolytes for battery applications. Eur Phys J E 19:471. doi:10.1140/epje/i2005-10076-8
Ramya CS, Selvasekarapandian S, HiranKumar G, Savitha T, Angelo PC (2008) Investigation on dielectric relaxations of PVP–NH4SCN polymer electrolyte. J Non Cryst Solids 354:1494–1502. doi:10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2007.08.038
Dutta J (2012) Synthesis and characterization of γ-irradiated PVA/PEG/CaCl2 hydrogel for wound dressing. Am J Chem 2:6–11. doi:10.5923/j.chemistry.20120202.02
Trchova M, Sapurina I, Prokes J, Stejskal J (2003) FTIR spectroscopy of ordered polyaniline films. Synth Meter 135–136:305–306. doi:10.1016/S0379-6779(02)00570-2
Kassaee MZ, Mohammadkhani M, Akhavan A, Mohammadi R (2011) In situ formation of silver nanoparticles in PMMA via reduction of silver ions by butylated hydroxytoluene. Struct Chem 22:11–15. doi:10.1007/s11224-010-9671-1
Ramya CS, Selvasekarapandian S, Savitha T, Harankumar G, Angelo PC (2007) Vibrational and impedance spectroscopic study on PVP–NH4SCN based polymer electrolytes. Phys B 393:11–17. doi:10.1016/j.physb.2006.11.021
Rhodes CP, Frech R (1999) Cation–anion and cation–polymer interactions in (PEO) n NaCF3SO3 (n = 1–80). Solid State Ionics 121:91–99. doi:10.1016/S0167-2738(98)00534-7
Matsuura H, Fukuhara K (1986) Vibrational spectroscopic studies of conformation of poly(oxyethylene). II. Conformation-spectrum correlations. J Polym Sci B 24:1383–1400. doi:10.1002/polb.1986.090240702
Ducasse L, Dussauze M, Grondin J, Lassègues J.-C, Naudin C, Servant L (2003) Spectroscopic study of poly(ethylene oxide)6: LiX complexes (X = PF6, AsF6, SbF6, ClO4). Phys Chem Chem Phys 5:567–574. doi:10.1039/b211166g
Kumar Y, Hashmi SA, Pandey GP (2011) Ionic liquid mediated magnesium Ion conduction in poly(ethylene oxide) based polymer electrolyte. Electrochem Acta 56:3864–3873. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2011.02.035
Hema M, Selvasekarapandian S, Hirankumar G, Sakunthala A, Arunkumar D, Nitya H (2010) Laser Raman and ac impedance spectroscopic studies of PVA: NH4NO3 polymer electrolyte. Spectrochim Acta 75:474–478. doi:10.1016/j.saa.2009.11.012
Kim K.-S, Park S.-J (2010) Effect of silver doped MWCNTs on the electrical properties of conductive MWCNTs/PMMA thin films. Synth Met 160:123–126. doi:10.1016/j.synthmet.2009.10.018
Stojanovic DB, Brajovic L, Orlovic A, Dramlic D, Radmilovic V, Uskokovic PS, Aleksic R (2013) Transparent PMMA/silica nanocomposites containing silica nanoparticles coating under supercritical conditions. Prog Org Coat 76:626–631. doi:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2012.12.002
Song JY, Wang YY, Wan CC (1999) Review of gel-type polymer electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries. J Power Sources 77:183–197. doi:10.1016/S0378-7753(98)00193-1
Mishra R, Baskaran N, Ramakrishnan PA, Rao KJ (1998) Lithium ion conduction in extreme polymer in salt regime. Solid State Ionics 112:261–273. doi:10.1016/S0167-2738(98)00209-4
Scrosati B, Croce F, Panero S (2001) Progress in lithium polymer battery R&D. J Power Sources 100:93–100. doi:10.1016/S0378-7753(01)00886-2
Sangwa RJ, Sankhla S (2007) Solvent effects on the dielectric dispersion of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)–poly(ethylene glycol) blends. Colloid Polym Sci 285:1237–1246. doi:10.1007/s00396-007-1676-y
Zhang S, Dous Colby RH, Runt J (2005) Glass transition and ionic conduction in plasticized and doped ionomers. J Non Cryst Solids 351:2825–2830. doi:10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2005.03.075
Sasikala U, Naveen Kumar P, Rao VVRN, Sharma AK (2012) Structural, electrical and parametric studies of a PEO based polymer electrolyte for battery applications. Int J Eng Sci Adv Technol 2(3):722–730
Mohan VM, Raja V, Sharma AK, Rao VVN (2005) Ionic conductivity and discharge characteristics of solid-state battery based on novel polymer electrolyte (PEO + NaBiF4). Mater Chem Phys 94:177–181. doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2005.05.030
Acknowledgements
This research work was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of the Science ICT & Future Planning (NRF-2015R1A1A3A04001268).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Naveen Kumar, K., Saijyothi, K., Vijayalakshmi, L. et al. Copper–constantan nanoparticles impregnated PEO + PVP:Li+ blended solid polymer electrolyte films for lithium battery applications. Polym. Bull. 74, 2545–2564 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-016-1849-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-016-1849-2