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Dielectric relaxation and viscoelastic behavior of polyurethane–titania composites: dielectric mixing models to explain experimental results

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Abstract

Polyurethane–titania nanocomposites with varying composition are prepared through two different mixing methods. The effect of titania on dielectric, mechanical, and thermal properties is investigated for different composites. A variety of electrical tests (like impedance and dielectric constant) are performed on the resultant composites and it was found that the dielectric constant of composites increased significantly, whereas impedance (|Z|) decreased with the increase in titania concentration. The effect of temperature on dielectric properties was also studied and it was found that the dielectric constant increased up to a certain temperature and beyond that it decreased. From mechanical testing, it is observed that the properties depend on both the composition and mixing methods. The glass transition temperature (T g) of soft and hard segments along with vulcanization temperature (T v) observed from the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are found to shift with the incorporation of titania into the PU matrix. The viscoelastic behavior of the nanocomposites was studied by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and increase in storage modulus (E′) was achieved through addition of titania to the PU matrix, especially in the low strain region, whereas some decrease was observed in the higher strain region. Finally, different dielectric models were compared with the experimental data and the best match was achieved by the Lichtenecker model, especially at 1 kHz, which can be used as a predictive rule for different volume contents of titania filler in the PU matrix.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India, for providing research facility and research fellowship. The authors are also thankful to Dr. Banalata Sahoo for helping in DLS measurement and Prof. Panchanan Pramanik for his laboratory facility.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 117576, Singapore

    Suryakanta Nayak

  2. Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India

    Suryakanta Nayak, Tapan Kumar Chaki & Dipak Khastgir

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  1. Suryakanta Nayak
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  2. Tapan Kumar Chaki
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  3. Dipak Khastgir
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Correspondence to Suryakanta Nayak or Dipak Khastgir.

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The manuscript has not been submitted to more than one journal for simultaneous consideration. The manuscript has not been published previously (partly or in full), unless the new work concerns an expansion of previous work. A single study is not split up into several parts to increase the quantity of submissions and submitted to various journals or to one journal over time. No data have been fabricated or manipulated (including images) to support the conclusions. No data, text, or theories by others are presented and proper acknowledgments are also given. Consent to submit has been received explicitly from all co-authors, as well as from the responsible authorities at the institute where the work has been carried out, before the work was submitted. The authors whose names appear on the submission have contributed sufficiently to the scientific work and therefore share collective responsibility and accountability for the results. The authors have no conflict of interest and there is no competing financial interest.

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Nayak, S., Chaki, T.K. & Khastgir, D. Dielectric relaxation and viscoelastic behavior of polyurethane–titania composites: dielectric mixing models to explain experimental results. Polym. Bull. 74, 369–392 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-016-1719-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-016-1719-y

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