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Changes in the Microbiota and their Roles in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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Abstract

An association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and gut microbiota is well established, but the results of related studies are inconsistent. The purpose of this investigation is to elucidate the characteristics of the gut microbiota in T2DM and non-diabetic subjects. Forty-five subjects were recruited for this study, including 29 T2DM patients and 16 non-diabetic subjects. Biochemical parameters, including body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), were analyzed and correlated with the gut microbiota. Bacterial community composition and diversity were detected in fecal samples using direct smear, sequencing, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In this study, it was observed that indicators such as BMI, FPG, HbA1c, TC, and TG in T2DM patients were on the rise, concurrent with dysbiosis of the microbiota. We observed an increase in Enterococci and a decrease in Bacteroides, Bifidobacteria, and Lactobacilli in patients with T2DM. Meanwhile, total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and D-lactate concentrations were decreased in the T2DM group. In addition, FPG was positively correlated with Enterococcus and negatively correlated with Bifidobacteria, Bacteroides, and Lactobacilli. This study reveals that microbiota dysbiosis is associated with disease severity in patients with T2DM. The limitation of this study is that only common bacteria were noted in this study, and more in-depth related studies are urgently needed.

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Data Availability

The sequencing data have been deposited in the NCBI SRA database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SRA/), BioProject accession PRJNA89876. All other data are included within the article or available from the authors upon request.

Code Availability

Not applicable.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for Xuhong Lin’s foundation and great technical support.

Funding

This work was supported by projects supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81500430 and No. U1304802), the Key Scientific Research Projects of Higher Education in Henan (No. 17A320019), and the Henan Science and Technology Planning Project (No. 182102310544 and No. 192102310045).

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  1. Qiao-ling He and Hui-chao Wang Contributed equally to this paper (co-first authors).

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, 115 Ximen Street, Kaifeng, Henan, China

    Qiao-ling He, Yu-ke Ma, Rui-lin Yang, Zhi-feng Dai, Jing-nan Yang, Yao Xu, Dan-dan Wei & Xu-hong Lin

  2. Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China

    Hui-chao Wang

  3. Department of Endocrinology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China

    Li-ping Zhu

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Contributions

XHL and QLH designed the study. XHL, QLH, HCW, YKM, RLY, ZFD, JNY, YX, DDW, and LPZ collected the samples and clinical information and analyzed the data. QLH, HCW, YKM, RLY, ZFD, and JNY analyzed and interpreted the data. XHL and QLH wrote and revised the manuscript. All authors had full access to the final version of the report and agreed to the submission.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xu-hong Lin.

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The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

Ethical Approval

All human protocols of this study were approved by the ethics committee of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, where the work was conducted, and this study complies with the Declaration of Helsinki with ethics approval number 2017111.

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Written and verbal informed consent were obtained from all participants.

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He, Ql., Wang, Hc., Ma, Yk. et al. Changes in the Microbiota and their Roles in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Microbiol 80, 132 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-023-03219-x

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