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Production of Volatile Compounds by a Variety of Fungi in Artificially Inoculated and Naturally Infected Aquilaria malaccensis

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Abstract

Aquilaria malaccensis, the resinous agarwood, is highly valued in the perfumery and medicinal industry. The formation of fragrant agarwood resin inconsistently by various fungi is still not clearly understood. The current study investigated the agarwood quality and fungal diversity in artificially inoculated and naturally infected A. malaccensis. The chemical analysis of volatile compounds of agarwood was performed using the Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) method, and the identification of fungi was made through a morphological observation using a light microscope. Gas chromatography analysis revealed the presence of essential compounds related to high-quality agarwood, such as 4-phenyl-2-butanone, β-selinene, α-bulnesene, and agarospirol in both artificially inoculated and naturally infected agarwood but with some differences in the abundance. Further studies on the fungi associated with agarwood volatile compounds formation showed a total of ten fungal group isolates, which were identified based on morphological and molecular studies. The study revealed that agarwood from both artificial and natural sources were naturally infected with Fusarium, Botryosphaeria, Aspergillus, Schizophyllum, Phanerochaete, Lasiodiplodia, Polyporales, and Ceriporia species. This study has offered a potential opportunity to research further the promising development of fungal strains for artificial inducement of high-quality agarwood formation from A. malaccensis trees.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledged the Bio Aromatic Research Centre of Excellent and Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, to carry out this study. This project was funded by Universiti Malaysia Pahang (RDU182207-1).

Funding

This work was supported by Universiti Malaysia Pahang (Grant Number: RDU182207-1).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun RazakGambang, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

    Aizi Nor Mazila Ramli, Sufihana Yusof, Aimi Wahidah Aminan & Hazrulrizawati Abd Hamid

  2. Bio Aromatic Research Centre of Excellent, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun RazakGambang, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

    Aizi Nor Mazila Ramli & Saiful Nizam Tajuddin

  3. Program in Organic Agriculture Management, Maejo University International College (MJU-IC), Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand

    Prakash Bhuyar

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  1. Aizi Nor Mazila Ramli
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Contributions

Conceptualization: SY, ANMR; Methodology: SY, AWA; Formal analysis and investigation: SY, SNT; Writing—original draft preparation: SY, AWA; Writing—review and editing: SY, PB, HAH; Funding acquisition: ANMR; Resources: ANMR; Supervision: ANMR.

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Correspondence to Aizi Nor Mazila Ramli.

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I, Aizi Nor Mazila Ramli hereby declare that I participated in the study and in the development of the manuscript titled “Production of volatile compounds by various fungi in artificially inoculated and naturally infected Aquilaria malaccensis”. I have read the final version and give my consent for the article to be published in Current Microbiology.

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Ramli, A.N.M., Yusof, S., Bhuyar, P. et al. Production of Volatile Compounds by a Variety of Fungi in Artificially Inoculated and Naturally Infected Aquilaria malaccensis. Curr Microbiol 79, 151 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-022-02840-6

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