Biogenic Gold Nanoparticle Supplementation to Plant Beneficial Pseudomonas monteilii was Found to Enhance its Plant Probiotic Effect

Abstract

Rhizosphere provides unique space for intensive chemical conversation between plant and microorganisms. The common rhizobacterial mechanisms which have been demonstrated to promote plant growth include production of phytohormones, nitrogen fixation, synthesis of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACC deaminase) and phosphate solubilization. The microbially produced phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is considered to have significant role in interaction between plant and bacteria. Hence any substance with modulatory effect on rhizobacterial IAA production can expect to have its impact on plant–microbe interaction. With the advent of nanotechnology, nanoparticles are being used for diverse applications. However, applications of nanotechnology in agriculture have not been studied in detail. In the study, rhizospheric Pseudomonas monteilii was selected to investigate the concentration-dependent effect of biogenic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on its IAA production. For this, AuNPs synthesized by Bacillus subtilis SJ15 were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, TEM and EDS. The results showed AuNPs to have spherical, hexagonal and triangular shapes with a size range of 12–32 nm and absorption peak at 545 nm. Further, various concentrations of AuNPs were used to identify its impact on IAA production by P. monteilii. From this, enhanced production of IAA by P. monteilii was found to take place in the presence of 50 µg/mL AuNPs. When Vigna unguiculata seedlings were grown in presence of 50 µg/mL of AuNPs, increased growth was observed. The results of the study thus showed the ability of AuNPs to augment the IAA-producing potential of P. monteilii.