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Glochidioboside Kills Pathogenic Bacteria by Membrane Perturbation

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effects of glochidioboside and determine its mechanism of action. Glochidioboside has been reported to be isolated from some plants but the underlying biological properties have remained largely obscure until now. To identify the antibacterial activity of all biological properties, pathogenic bacteria susceptibility test was performed, and the result shows that the compound displays remarkable antibacterial activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria not to mention general pathogen. To demonstrate membrane disruption and depolarization, SYTOX green and bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol were used with Escherichia coli O157, and indicated that glochidioboside affected cytoplasmic membranes by permeabilization and depolarization, respectively. Calcein efflux was evident in a membrane model that encapsulated fluorescent dye, and supported the hypothesis of a membrane-active mechanism. To confirm the release of intracellular matrix owing to membrane damage, the movements of potassium ion were observed; the results indicated that the cells treated with glochidioboside leaked potassium ion, thus the damage induced by the compounds lead to leaking intracellular components. We propose that glochidioboside kills pathogenic bacteria via perturbation of integrity of the membrane.

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Abbreviations

CH2Cl2 :

Dichloromethane

EtOAc:

Ethyl acetate

n-BuOH:

n-Butanol

ATCC:

American Type Culture Collection

MIC:

Minimum inhibitory concentrations

PBS:

Phosphate-buffered saline

DiBAC4(3):

Bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol

GUV:

Giant unilamellar vesicle

PE:

Phosphatidylethanolamine

PG:

Phosphatidylglycerol

LUV:

Large unilamellar vesicle

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a grant from the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program (Project No. PJ01104303), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, BK 21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea

    Heejeong Lee & Dong Gun Lee

  2. College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea

    Eun-Rhan Woo

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  1. Heejeong Lee
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  3. Dong Gun Lee
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Correspondence to Dong Gun Lee.

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Lee, H., Woo, ER. & Lee, D.G. Glochidioboside Kills Pathogenic Bacteria by Membrane Perturbation. Curr Microbiol 71, 1–7 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-015-0807-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-015-0807-9

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