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Therapeutic cancer vaccine: building the future from lessons of the past

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Abstract

Anti-cancer vaccines have raised many hopes from the start of immunotherapy but have not yet been clinically successful. The few positive results of anti-cancer vaccines have been observed in clinical situations of low tumor burden or preneoplastic lesions. Several new concepts and new results reposition this therapeutic approach in the field of immunotherapy. Indeed, cancers that respond to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 (20–30%) are those that are infiltrated by anti-tumor T cells with an inflammatory infiltrate. However, 70% of cancers do not appear to have an anti-tumor immune reaction in the tumor microenvironment. To induce this anti-tumor immunity, therapeutic combinations between vaccines and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 are being evaluated. In addition, the identification of neoepitopes against which the immune system is less tolerated is giving rise to a new enthusiasm by the first clinical results of the vaccine including these neoepitopes in humans. The ability of anti-cancer vaccines to induce a population of anti-tumor T cells called memory resident T cells that play an important role in immunosurveillance is also a new criterion to consider in the design of therapeutic vaccines.

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Acknowledgements

This work has been funded by Institut National du Cancer (INCa), PL-Bio 2016 (ET), Labex Immuno-oncology, CARPEM (SIRIC), and ANR Selectimmuno. CG is a recipient of a fellowship Carpem and AS a recipient of Fondation Foncer.

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  1. T. Tran and C. Blanc contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France

    T. Tran, C. Blanc, C. Granier, A. Saldmann, C. Tanchot & Eric Tartour

  2. Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France

    T. Tran, C. Blanc, C. Granier, A. Saldmann, C. Tanchot & Eric Tartour

  3. Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Laboratory of Immunology, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France

    Eric Tartour

  4. Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Paris, France

    Eric Tartour

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This article is a contribution to the special issue on Anti-cancer Immunotherapy: Breakthroughs and Future Strategies - Guest Editor: Mads Hald Andersen

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Tran, T., Blanc, C., Granier, C. et al. Therapeutic cancer vaccine: building the future from lessons of the past. Semin Immunopathol 41, 69–85 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-018-0691-z

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