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The three layered structure of orbicularis oris and buccinator complex with partial connection at the modiolus and partial direct continuation

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Abstract

Purpose

This study aimed to clarify the structural arrangement of the orbicularis oris (OOr), the buccinator, and the other perioral muscles around the modiolus.

Methods

The perioral muscles in seventeen cadavers fixed with formalin were dissected in situ and/or in isolated muscle specimens, and their layers were reconstructed schematically upon pantomographic view of the skeleton to evaluate their actions.

Results

The buccinator was composed of three parts including upper and lower oblique parts in its superficial layer and a middle transverse part in its deep layer. The superior and inferior OOr were composed of an inner marginal part (IM) and an outer labial part (OL) in each. The perioral muscles as a whole were arranged in three layers. The first layer consisted of the depressor anguli oris and the OL of superior OOr connected at the modiolus in a vertical direction. The second layer consisted of the upper and inner oblique part of buccinator and a part of the OL of inferior OOr connected at the modiolus in a horizontal direction. The third layer contained the middle transverse part of buccinator continuous with the IM of both OOr and a part of the OL of inferior OOr without connection to the modiolus.

Conclusions

The different arrangement of the three layers of perioral muscles around the modiolus could serve as a good basis to predict the actions of the individual perioral muscles on the movement of lips in open/close of the oral fissure and widening/narrowing of the lip width.

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Data availability

On reasonable request, the obtained data supporting the finding of the present study are available from the corresponding authors.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the individuals who donated their bodies to Juntendo University School of Medicine so the anatomical research could be performed. Results from such research can potentially increase mankind’s overall knowledge that can them improve patient care. Therefore, those donors and their families deserve our highest gratitude.

Funding

The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo- ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan

    Masuko Ishii, Kota Kato, Koichiro Ichimura & Tatsuo Sakai

  2. Forensic Science Laboratory, Chiba Prefecture Police Headquarters, Chiba, Japan

    Masuko Ishii

  3. Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan

    Tatsuo Sakai

Authors
  1. Masuko Ishii
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  2. Kota Kato
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  4. Tatsuo Sakai
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Contributions

Conceptualization, MI and TS; cadaver preparation, KI and KK; data curation, MI, KK and TS; data validation, KK and TS; and manuscript writing, MI and TS.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tatsuo Sakai.

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Ethical approval

All cadavers examined were from persons who had donated their bodies to Juntendo University School of Medicine for medical education and research. Prior to donation, written consent was obtained from the individuals and families. The protocol for the present research project was approved by the Ethics Committee of Juntendo University School of Medicine (approval No. 2014138).

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The authors declare no potential conflict of interest.

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Ishii, M., Kato, K., Ichimura, K. et al. The three layered structure of orbicularis oris and buccinator complex with partial connection at the modiolus and partial direct continuation. Surg Radiol Anat 46, 649–657 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-024-03354-5

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