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The effect of type-B carbonate content on the elasticity of fluorapatite

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Abstract

The mechanical behavior of carbonate-bearing fluorapatite (CFAP) (with up to 5.5 wt% CO3) was investigated at high pressure up to 7 GPa. The incorporation of carbonate in CFAP samples was investigated by FTIR spectroscopy. The chemical formulae and cell parameters are Ca4.90Fe0.04 (PO4)2.87 (CO3)0.13 F1.23 and a = 9.3527(1), c = 6.8752(1) Å, V = 520.83(1) Å3 for the FOW CFAP (Fowey Consols area, UK), and Ca4.97Sr0.03 (PO4)2.55 (CO3)0.45 F1.42 and a = 9.3330(1), c = 6.8984(1) Å, V = 520.38(1) Å3 for the FRA CFAP (Framont region, France). Preliminary characterization at ambient conditions was done by single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. The structure refinements, in space group P63/m, confirm a type-B substitution of the phosphate (PO4)3− group by the carbonate ion (CO3)2−. The site occupancies for the C atom are 0.04 for FOW and 0.11 for FRA CFAP, in quite good agreement with the 1.6 and 5.5 wt% CO3 amount obtained by analytical methods. Single-crystal high-pressure XRD study on the two type-B CFAP samples was performed. The FOW and FRA crystals were mounted concurrently in a ETH-type DAC and cell parameters were determined at 26 different pressures up to 6.86 GPa at room T. The variation with pressure of the unit-cell parameters and volume shows no discontinuity that could be related to any possible phase transition in the P range investigated. The linear compressibility coefficients are βa = 3.63 × 10−3 GPa−1 and βc = 2.47 × 10−3 GPa−1 for FOW, and βa = 3.67 × 10−3 GPa−1 and βc = 2.65 × 10−3 GPa−1 for FRA, giving an axial anisotropy of βa:βc = 1.47:1 and 1.38:1, respectively. The P-V data were fitted by a second-order Birch–Murnaghan EoS and the resulting BM2-EoS coefficients are V0 = 519.81(7) Å3, KT0 = 92.1(3) GPa for FOW, and V0 = 518.95(9) Å3, KT0 = 89.1(4) GPa for FRA CFAP. The results obtained indicate that a 5.5 wt% CO3 content (type-B) reduces the isothermal bulk modulus by about 9%.

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Acknowledgements

Ravinder Sidhu is thanked for support with EMP analysis (Winnipeg). Ross J. Angel is thanked for assessment with the installation of SINGLE software at Department of Earth Sciences, University of Torino, and for making available several very useful software applications in his Web site. We are grateful to Matteo Alvaro for helpful suggestions. We thank John M. Hughes and an anonymous referee for critical reading and useful suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. The CrisDi and Scansetti Interdepartmental Centres of University of Torino are thanked. Financial support has been provided by “Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca” (MIUR), MIUR-Project PRIN 2010–2011, 2010EARRRZ_007 “Crystal-chemical and structural investigations on the bulk and surfaces of carbonated apatites with amorphous and nano-crystal transitions”. FCH acknowledges support by a Canada Research Chair in Crystallography and Mineralogy and by a Discovery Grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and by Innovation Grants from the Canada Foundation for Innovation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra “Ardito Desio”, Via Mangiagalli 34, 20133, Milano, Italy

    Fernando Cámara

  2. CrisDi Interdepartmental Center for Crystallography, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy

    Fernando Cámara, Nadia Curetti & Piera Benna

  3. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125, Torino, Italy

    Nadia Curetti & Piera Benna

  4. Department of Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE

    Yassir A. Abdu

  5. Department of Geological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 125 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada

    Frank C. Hawthorne

  6. Institute of Mineralogy, Physics of Materials and Cosmochemistry UMR 7590, National History Museum of Natural Sciences, CP 52, 61 Rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France

    Cristiano Ferraris

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  1. Fernando Cámara
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Cámara, F., Curetti, N., Benna, P. et al. The effect of type-B carbonate content on the elasticity of fluorapatite. Phys Chem Minerals 45, 789–800 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00269-018-0962-1

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