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The Comparison of Infusion of Two Different Sedation Regimens with Propofol and Ketamine Combination During Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

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Abstract

Objective

Anesthetic agents are often combined to enhance their therapeutic effects while minimizing adverse events. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two different sedation regimens of ketamine and propofol combination via infusion on perioperative variables in patients who underwent plastic and reconstructive surgery.

Methods

This randomized double-blind clinical trial was done on 80 patients who were randomized to two groups; group 1 (n = 40) received a 2:1 mixture of 9 mg/ml propofol and 4.5 mg/ml ketamine, and group 2 (n = 40) received a 4:1 mixture of 9 mg/ml propofol and 2.25 mg/ml ketamine. After premedication and before local anesthetic injection, the infusion of mixtures was adjusted to attain the Ramsay sedation scores of 5 in both groups. We recorded induction time, sedation efficacy, cardiovascular and respiratory events, recovery time, and incidence of adverse events during and after the procedure.

Results

The mean of volume infusion of mixtures in the beginning of the procedure was higher in group 2 (3.2 ± 1. 2 ml) than in group 1 (2.4 ± 0.8 ml) (p < 0.001). The induction time for sedation was 2.8 ± 0.8 min and 2.6 ± 0.4 min in group 1 and group 2, respectively (p = 0. 92). The number of oversedated patients was greater in group 2 compared to group 1 but not statistically significant (p = 0. 80). The sedation efficacy was similar between the two groups. The hemodynamic changes during the procedure were greater in group 2 compared to group 1 (p = 0. 001). The recovery time was not significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.43). The mean pain score in the recovery room was lower in group 1 than group 2 (1.2 ± 0.8 vs 2.8 ± 1.8, p = 0. 01). Moreover, 4 (10 %) patients in group 1 and 10 (25 %) patients in group 2 needed opioid administration (p = 0. 02). Other postoperative adverse events were similar between the two groups.

Conclusion

We recommend the use of a 2:1 combination of propofol–ketamine, because it reduced the rescue propofol requirement and consequently produced lower cardiovascular and respiratory depression effects and also less postoperative pain.

Level of Evidence I

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Zahra Mokhtari, Nahid Jafarkhan, Fatemeh Daroughezadeh, Hooriyeh Naeimi, and Faezeh Keshavarz for their assistance in data collection and Zohreh Shahabi for her assistance in statistical analysis.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to disclose

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

    Mehdi Sanatkar & Ali Shahriyari

  2. Department of Plastic Surgery, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

    Shahriyar Haddadi Abianeh, Shahrokh Ghazizadeh, Javad Rahmati, Kourosh Ghanbarzadeh & Hamid Reza Fathi

  3. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

    Atabak Najafi

  4. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Farabi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

    Hossein Sadrossadat

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  1. Mehdi Sanatkar
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Correspondence to Mehdi Sanatkar.

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Sanatkar, M., Abianeh, S.H., Ghazizadeh, S. et al. The Comparison of Infusion of Two Different Sedation Regimens with Propofol and Ketamine Combination During Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Aesth Plast Surg 39, 141–146 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-014-0419-y

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