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What happens to the gluteus medius in young and middle-aged patients with hip dysplasia?

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Abstract

Background

Much research has focused on quantifying the bony characteristics of patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Far less attention, however, has been paid to muscle abnormalities around the hip such as those in the gluteus medius (GM).

Methods

We retrospectively examined clinical and imaging data, such as the age of onset and computed tomography (CT) findings, in 108 consecutive hips. Subjects for the control group were selected from our radiology database. Two readers independently evaluated the length (LGM), cross-sectional area (CSA), width (WGM), and thickness (TGM) of the GM and arm of GM (AGM) and angle of the GM activation (AOA) and bony parameters including the acetabulum-head index (AHI), lateral central edge angle (LCEA), acetabular index (AI), femoral offset (FO), and height of the rotation centre of femoral head (HCFH) among all cases using the imaging data.

Results

The patient group included 108 hips. The AGM, LGM, CSA, and TGM were lower in the DDH patients, while AOA was higher. However, there was no significant difference in the WGM between the two groups. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that AGM and AOA were independent factors affecting LCEA. The following regression equation was used: Y(LCEA) = 5.377 * X1 (AGM) − 0.310 * X2 (AOA) − 11.331. The mechanical characteristics of the GM and many bony parameters were significantly correlated (the AGM and AHI, LCEA, AI, FO, but not HCFH; AOA and AHI, LCEA, AI, but not FO or HCFH). The CSA was positively correlated with only HCFH. The rest were not statistical significance linear correlation. The multivariate regression results showed that the age of onset was positively correlated with AGM (r = 0.467). The regression equation used was Y = 9.0 * X (age of onset) − 11.4.

Conclusion

We found difference in the morphological and mechanical characteristics of the GM between hips with DDH and hips of normal morphology. Of note, the mechanical characteristics of the GM were influenced by bony parameters in patients with DDH.

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Data availability

The datasets used or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects.

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Funding

This work was supported by high-level hospital construction project (The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Grant No: 211020030705) in the form of covering the consultation fees of data statistical analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Guangdong Province, Huizhou Herbalist Doctor Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Huizhou, 516000, China

    Lixin Chen

  2. The First Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, China

    Yunlong Wu, Yinuo Fan, Zhongfeng Li, Minghai Chen, Jiahao Zhang, Yupeng Liang & Zhiming Wei

  3. The Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China

    Zhenqiu Chen & Chi Zhou

Authors
  1. Lixin Chen
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  2. Yunlong Wu
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  10. Zhiming Wei
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Lixin Chen and Zhenqiu Chen. Literature search: Lixin Chen, Yupeng Liang, and Zhiming Wei. Data extraction and quality assessment: Lixin Chen and Yunlong Wu. Software: Chi Zhou, Yinuo Fan, and Yunlong Wu. Formal analysis: Zhongfeng Li, Minghai Chen, and Jiahao Zhang. Validation: Zhenqiu Chen. Writing: Lixin Chen. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhenqiu Chen.

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Ethical approval

The clinical study was implemented after the ethics committee of The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of TCM approved this trial protocol (approval ID: No. JY[2020]247).

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Chen, L., Wu, Y., Chen, Z. et al. What happens to the gluteus medius in young and middle-aged patients with hip dysplasia?. International Orthopaedics (SICOT) 46, 761–768 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-021-05271-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-021-05271-3

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