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3D isotropic MRI of ankle: review of literature with comparison to 2D MRI

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Abstract

The ankle joint has complex anatomy with different tissue structures and is commonly involved in traumatic injuries. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the primary imaging modality used to assess the soft tissue structures around the ankle joint including the ligaments, tendons, and articular cartilage. Two-dimensional (2D) fast spin echo/turbo spin echo (FSE/TSE) sequences are routinely used for ankle joint imaging. While the 2D sequences provide a good signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) with high spatial resolution, there are some limitations to their use owing to the thick slices, interslice gaps leading to partial volume effects, limited fluid contrast, and the need to acquire separate images in different orthogonal planes. The 3D MR imaging can overcome these limitations and recent advances have led to technical improvements that enable its widespread clinical use in acceptable time periods. The volume imaging renders the advantage of reconstructing into thin continuous slices with isotropic voxels enabling multiplanar reconstructions that helps in visualizing complex anatomy of the structure of interest throughout their course with improved sharpness, definition of anatomic variants, and fluid conspicuity of lesions and injuries. Recent advances have also reduced the acquisition time of the 3D datasets making it more efficient than 2D sequences. This article reviews the recent technical developments in the domain 3D MRI, compares imaging with 3D versus 2D sequences, and demonstrates the use-case scenarios with interesting cases, and benefits of 3D MRI in evaluating various ankle joint components and their lesions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA

    Suryansh Bajaj

  2. Musculoskeletal Radiology Division, Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA

    Avneesh Chhabra & Atul Kumar Taneja

  3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA

    Avneesh Chhabra

  4. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Avneesh Chhabra

  5. Walton Center of Neurosciences, Liverpool, UK

    Avneesh Chhabra

  6. University of Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA

    Avneesh Chhabra

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Correspondence to Atul Kumar Taneja.

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SB, AKT: no conflicts of interests. AC: book royalties—Jaypee and Wolters; research grants—Image Biopsy Lab Inc., Qure-AI; medical advisor—Image Biopsy Lab Inc.; consultant: ICON Medical Inc. and Celery Inc.

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Bajaj, S., Chhabra, A. & Taneja, A.K. 3D isotropic MRI of ankle: review of literature with comparison to 2D MRI. Skeletal Radiol 53, 825–846 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00256-023-04513-2

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