Abstract
Phenol accounts for a large proportion of the contamination in industrial wastewater discharged from chemical plants due to its wide use as a raw chemical. Residual phenol waste in water and soil significantly endangers human health and the natural environment. In this study, an Acinetobacter radioresistens strain, APH1, was isolated and identified for its efficient capability of utilizing phenol as sole carbon source for growth. A draft genome sequence containing 3,290,330 bases with 45 contigs was obtained, and 22 genes were found to be involved in phenol metabolism and 51 putative drug-resistance genes were annotated by genomic analysis. The optimal conditions for cell culture and phenol removal were determined to be 30 °C, pH 6.0, and a phenol concentration of 500 mg/L; the upper limit of phenol tolerance was 950 mg/L. Based on GC-MS analysis, the key metabolites including cis,cis-muconic acid, catechol, and succinic acid were detected. During bioremediation experiment using 450 mg/kg (dry weight) of phenol-contaminated soil, the strain APH1 removed 99% of the phenol within 3 days. According to microbial diversity analysis, the microbial abundance of Chungangia, Bacillus, Nitrospira, Lysinibacillus, and Planomicrobium increased after the addition of phenol. Furthermore, at day 23, the abundance of strain APH1 was greatly reduced, and the microbial diversity and structure of the whole microbial community were gradually recovered, indicating that strain APH1 would not affect this microbial ecosystem. These findings provide insights into the bioremediation of soil contaminated with phenol.
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Funding
This work was supported by grants from the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (17JC1403300), National Key Research and Development Project (SQ2018YFA090024); by the “Shuguang Program” (17SG09) supported by Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission; by grants from the Chinese National Science Foundation for Excellent Young Scholars (31422004); and by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (ZD2018005).
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YF Liu and HZ Tang designed the experiments. YF Liu and WW Wang performed the experiments. YF Liu and HZ Tang wrote the paper. YF Liu, WW Wang, Shah SB, and Giulio Zanaroli analyzed the data. HZ Tang and P Xu contributed the reagents and materials. All of the authors reviewed the paper.
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Liu, Y., Wang, W., Shah, S.B. et al. Phenol biodegradation by Acinetobacter radioresistens APH1 and its application in soil bioremediation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 104, 427–437 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-019-10271-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-019-10271-w