Abstract
Most of the “repressor, open reading frame, kinase” (ROK) proteins already characterized so far, and exhibiting a kinase activity, take restrictedly d-glucose as substrate. By exploring the sequenced bacterial diversity, 61 ATP-dependent kinases belonging to the ROK family have been identified and experimentally assayed for the phosphorylation of hexoses. These kinases were mainly found to be thermotolerant and highly active toward d-mannose and d-fructose with notable activities toward d-tagatose. Among them, the ATP-dependent kinase from the mesophile Streptococcus mitis (named ScrKmitis) was biochemically characterized and its substrate spectrum further studied. This enzyme possessed impressive catalytic efficiencies toward d-mannose and d-fructose of 1.5 106 s−1 M−1 and 2.7 105 s−1 M−1, respectively, but also significant ones toward d-tagatose (3.5 102 s−1 M−1) and the unnatural monosaccharides d-altrose (1.1 104 s−1 M−1) and d-talose (3.4 102 s−1 M−1). Specific activities measured for all hexoses showed a high stereopreference for d- over l-series. As proof of concept, 8 hexoses were phosphorylated in moderate to good yields, some of them described for the first time like l-sorbose-5-phosphate unusually phosphorylated in position 5. Its thermotolerance, its wide pH tolerance (from 7 to 10), and temperature range (> 85% activity between 40 and 70 °C) open the way to applications in the enzymatic synthesis of monophosphorylated hexoses.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Jean-François Gallard (ICSN, France) for 1H-31P NMR experiments, Olek Maciejak and Marie-Jeanne Clément (SABNP, INSERM U 1204—Université d’Evry Val-d’Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, France) for assistance in 1H and 13C NMR experiments, the Region Ile de France for financial support of the 600 MHz NMR spectrometer, Alain Perret for fruitful discussions and proofreading of the manuscript, and Christine Pelle and Peggy Sirvain for nickel affinity chromatography purification of ScrKmitis. We thank C. Rivoire (the Swiss-Prot Group at the SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics) for earlier Uniprot identifier assignments.
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Vergne-Vaxelaire, C., Mariage, A., Petit, JL. et al. Characterization of a thermotolerant ROK-type mannofructokinase from Streptococcus mitis: application to the synthesis of phosphorylated sugars. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 102, 5569–5583 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-9018-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-9018-1