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Degradation of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid by a filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae M-4 strain with self-protection transformation

  • Environmental biotechnology
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Abstract

A novel filamentous fungus M-4 strain was isolated from soy sauce koji and identified as Aspergillus oryzae (Collection number: CGMCC 11645) on the basis of morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer sequence. M-4 could degrade 80.62 % of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA; 100 mg L−1) within 5 days. 3-PBA degradation occurred in accordance with first-order kinetics. The degradation metabolites of 3-PBA were identified through high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Relevant enzymatic activities and substrate utilization were also investigated, which indicated that M-4 could effectively degrade the intermediates of 3-PBA. Base on analysis of these metabolites, a novel biochemical pathway for the degradation of 3-PBA was proposed. There exists a mutual transformation between 3-phenoxy-benzyl alcohol and 3-PBA, which was firstly reported about the degradation of 3-PBA and may be attributed to self-protection transformation of M-4; subsequently, 3-PBA was gradually transformed into phenol, 3-hydroxy-5-phenoxy benzoic acid, protocatechuic acid and gallic acid. The safety of M-4 was evaluated via an acute toxicity test in vivo. The biodegradation ability of M-4 without toxic effects reveals that this fungus may be likely to be used for eliminating 3-PBA from contaminated environment or fermented foods.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 21072137) to this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan, 625014, People’s Republic of China

    Yuanting Zhu, Jianlong Li, Nan Zhao, Kang Zhou, Xinjie Hu, Xinfeng Han, Aiping Liu & Shuliang Liu

  2. College of Light Industry and Food, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, People’s Republic of China

    Kai Yao

  3. The Laboratory of Microbiology, Dujiangyan Campus, Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, 611830, People’s Republic of China

    Likou Zou

Authors
  1. Yuanting Zhu
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  2. Jianlong Li
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  3. Kai Yao
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  4. Nan Zhao
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  5. Kang Zhou
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  6. Xinjie Hu
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  7. Likou Zou
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  8. Xinfeng Han
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  9. Aiping Liu
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  10. Shuliang Liu
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shuliang Liu.

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All authors agreed to publish this manuscript. I would like to declare on behalf of my co-authors that this original work has not been previously published and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, in whole or in part. This manuscript is in compliance with ethical standards. This work does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors. All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

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We declare that no conflict of interest exists in the submission of this manuscript.

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Yuanting Zhu and Jianlong Li contributed equally to this article

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Zhu, Y., Li, J., Yao, K. et al. Degradation of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid by a filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae M-4 strain with self-protection transformation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 100, 9773–9786 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-016-7847-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-016-7847-3

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