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Composition and Diversity of Gut Bacterial Community in Different Life Stages of a Leaf Beetle Gastrolina depressa

  • Invertebrate Microbiology
  • Published:
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Abstract

Insect gut bacteria have a significant impact on host biology, which has a favorable or negative impact on insect fitness. The walnut leaf beetle (Gastrolina depressa) is a notorious pest in China, causing severe damage to Juglandaceae trees including Juglans regia and Pterocarya rhoifolia. To date, however, we know surprisingly little about the gut microbiota of G. depressa. This study used a high-throughput sequencing platform to investigate the gut bacterial community of G. depressa throughout its life cycle, including the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd instar larvae, as well as male, female, and pre-pregnant female adults. Our results showed that the diversity of the gut bacterial community in larvae was generally higher than that in adults, and young larvae (1st and 2nd larvae) possessed the most diversified and abundant community. Principal coordinate analysis results showed that the gut microbiota of adults cluster together, which is independent of the 1st and 2nd instar larvae. The main phyla were Proteobacteria and Firmicutes in the microbial community of G. depressa, while the dominant genera were Enterobacter, Rosenbergiella, Erwinia, Pseudomonas, and Lactococcus. The gut bacteria of G. depressa were mostly enriched in metabolic pathways (carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism) as revealed by functional prediction. This study contributes to a better knowledge of G. depressa’s gut microbiota and its potential interactions with the host insect, facilitating the development of a microbial-based pest management strategy.

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Data Availability

The raw full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences generated in the present study were deposited in the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database (https:// submit.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/subs/sra/) under accession number PRJNA768929.

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Funding

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31971663) and the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST (2020QNRC001).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China

    Meiqi Ma, Xiaotong Chen, Siqun Li, Jing Luo & Letian Xu

  2. Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada

    Runhua Han

Authors
  1. Meiqi Ma
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  2. Xiaotong Chen
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  3. Siqun Li
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  4. Jing Luo
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  5. Runhua Han
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  6. Letian Xu
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Contributions

Letian Xu and Meiqi Ma designed the whole experiment. Meiqi Ma, Xiaotong Chen, and Siqun Li collected the samples and conducted all experiments. Meiqi Ma, Letian Xu, and Jing Luo analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript, and Runhua Han, Xiaotong Chen, Jing Luo, and Letian Xu revised and submitted the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Letian Xu.

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Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Meiqi Ma and Xiaotong Chen contribute equally to the study.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

248_2022_2054_MOESM1_ESM.pdf

Supplementary file1 Sample collection of G. depressa and 16S rRNA sequencing process. The whole bodies of first and second instar larvae were sampled due to their small size and beetles in other life stages were dissected to collect guts. Each sequencing sample contained three whole bodies or three guts. L1, 1st instar larvae; L2, 2nd instar larvae; L3, 3rd instar larvae; Ma, male adults; Fe, female adults; Pre, pre-pregnant female adults. (PDF 1119 KB)

248_2022_2054_MOESM2_ESM.pdf

Supplementary file2 Pan/Core species analysis at the ASV level to assess whether sequenced samples were enough. (a) Pan species. (b) Core species. L1, 1st instar larvae; L2, 2nd instar larvae; L3, 3rd instar larvae; Ma, male adults; Fe, female adults; Pre, pre-pregnant female adults. (PDF 461 KB)

Supplementary file3 The data of high throughout sequencing based on 16S rRNA gene. (XLS 62 KB)

Supplementary file4 Taxonomic information of 16S rRNA gene sequencing. (XLS 25 KB)

248_2022_2054_MOESM5_ESM.xls

Supplementary file5 The statistical table of difference by Kruskal-Wallis test with the Mann-Whitney U post hoc test, P < 0.05. (XLS 34 KB)

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Ma, M., Chen, X., Li, S. et al. Composition and Diversity of Gut Bacterial Community in Different Life Stages of a Leaf Beetle Gastrolina depressa. Microb Ecol 86, 590–600 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-022-02054-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-022-02054-0

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