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Influence of Regional Oceanography and Hydrothermal Activity on Protist Diversity and Community Structure in the Okinawa Trough

  • Microbiology of Aquatic Systems
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Abstract

Microbial eukaryotes (protists) contribute substantially to ecological functioning in marine ecosystems, but the relative importance of factors shaping protist diversity, such as environmental selection and dispersal, remains difficult to parse. Water masses of a back-arc basin with hydrothermal activity provide a unique opportunity for studying the effects of dispersal and environmental selection on protist communities. In this study, we used metabarcoding to characterize protist communities in the Okinawa Trough, a back-arc spreading basin containing at least twenty-five active hydrothermal vent fields. Water was sampled from four depths at fourteen stations spanning the length of the Okinawa Trough, including three sites influenced by nearby hydrothermal vent sites. While significant differences in community structure reflecting water depth were present, protist communities were mostly homogeneous horizontally. Protist communities in the bottom waters affected by hydrothermal activity were significantly different from communities in other bottom waters, suggesting that environmental factors can be especially important in shaping community composition under specific conditions. Amplicon sequence variants that were enriched in hydrothermally influenced bottom waters largely derived from cosmopolitan protists that were present, but rare, in other near-bottom samples, thus highlighting the importance of the rare biosphere.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the captain and crew of the JAMSTEC R/V Mirai for their assistance and support in sample collection. Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Hiromi Watanabe, Dhugal Lindsay, Mary M. Grossmann, and Yuko Hasagawa were instrumental in organizing and facilitating cruise sampling and Otis Brunner substantially contributed to seawater filtration. We are further grateful to Hiromi Watanabe for helping in accessing and interpreting the environmental data and for comments on the manuscript. We thank the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) DNA sequencing section (Onna, Okinawa) for carrying out the sequencing. We thank the OIST Scientific Computing Data Analysis Section for the use of the Sango HPC on which oceanographic distance computations were performed.

Code Availability

The data and code necessary to reproduce the statistical analyses for this study are available on GitHub: https://github.com/maggimars/OkinawaTroughProtists.

Funding

This work was funded by the Marine Biophysics Unit of the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University. MMB was supported by a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science DC1 graduate student fellowship.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Asa E. Conover

    Present address: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Marine Biophysics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0412, Japan

    Margaret Mars Brisbin, Asa E. Conover & Satoshi Mitarai

Authors
  1. Margaret Mars Brisbin
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  2. Asa E. Conover
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  3. Satoshi Mitarai
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Correspondence to Margaret Mars Brisbin.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Mars Brisbin, M., Conover, A.E. & Mitarai, S. Influence of Regional Oceanography and Hydrothermal Activity on Protist Diversity and Community Structure in the Okinawa Trough. Microb Ecol 80, 746–761 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-020-01583-w

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