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Surfactin, Iturin, and Fengycin Biosynthesis by Endophytic Bacillus sp. from Bacopa monnieri

  • Environmental Microbiology
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Abstract

Endophytic microorganisms which are ubiquitously present in plants may colonize intracellularly or intercellularly without causing any diseases. By living within the unique chemical environment of a host plant, they produce a vast array of compounds with a wide range of biological activities. Because of this, natural products of endophytic origin have been exploited for antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. Also, they can be considered to function as an efficient microbial barrier to protect plants from various pathogens. In the present study, endophytic bacterium BmB 9 with antifungal and antibacterial activity isolated from the stem tissue of Bacopa monnieri was studied for the molecular and chemical basis of its activity. PCR-based genome mining for various biosynthetic gene clusters proved the presence of surfactin, iturin, and type I polyketide synthase (PKS) genes in the isolate. The LC–MS/MS based analysis of the extract further confirmed the production of surfactin derivatives (M + H+—1008.6602, 1022.6755), iturin (M + H+—1043.5697), and fengycin (M + H+—1491.8195, 1477.8055) by the selected bacterial isolate. The 16S rDNA sequence similarity based analysis identified the isolate BmB 9 as Bacillus sp. with 100 % identity to Bacillus sp. LCF1 (KP257289).

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Acknowledgment

This study was supported by Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India under DBT-RGYI and DBT-MSUB support scheme (BT/PR4800/INF/22/152/2012 Dtd 23.03.2012) and Kerala State Council Science Technology and Environment (KSCSTE) under KSCSTE-SARD Programme and KSCSTE-SRS Major Project. The authors also acknowledge Prof. C. T. Aravindakumar, Hon. Director and Mr. Dineep D., Scientific Assistant of the Inter-University Instrumentation Centre, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam for the help and support in the LC-MS/MS analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, PD Hills (PO), Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India

    B. Jasim, Jyothis Mathew & E. K. Radhakrishnan

  2. School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetham, Clapppana, Kollam, Kerala, 690 525, India

    K. S. Sreelakshmi

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Correspondence to E. K. Radhakrishnan.

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We have not used any animal models for the experiments, thus, an ethical committee clearance was not required.

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Jasim, B., Sreelakshmi, K.S., Mathew, J. et al. Surfactin, Iturin, and Fengycin Biosynthesis by Endophytic Bacillus sp. from Bacopa monnieri . Microb Ecol 72, 106–119 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-016-0753-5

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