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Preoperative Feeding Fortification Among Infants with Congenital Heart Disease is Associated with Higher Growth Velocity in the First 30 Days Post-repair and Lower BMI Percentile for Age at 10 Years: A Retrospective Cohort Study

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Abstract

It remains unclear how preoperative nutrition fortification impacts postoperative growth trajectories and nutritional status among infants with congenital heart disease. A single center retrospective cohort study was performed to evaluate measures of growth among patients who underwent cardiac repair at 0–18 months of age for atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, atrioventricular septal defect, or tetralogy of Fallot. Cohorts were analyzed at 0–30 and 31–60 days post-repair as well as at 2, 5, and 10 years of age. Records of 24 patients who received fortified nutrition and 60 patients who received unfortified nutrition preoperatively were reviewed. Those with fortified nutrition had higher growth velocities in the first 30 days post-repair compared to those with unfortified nutrition: 28.4 (23.8–83.3) grams per day versus 16.7 (7.1–21.4) grams per day, p = 0.004. Weight percentile for age was higher in the unfortified group at 2, 5, and 10 years of age (p = 0.02, p = 0.045, and p = 0.01). Body mass index (BMI) percentile for age was higher in the unfortified group at 5 and 10 years of age (p = 0.045 and p = 0.02) with a trend toward higher prevalence of either overweight or obesity compared to the fortified group (p = 0.13). reoperative nutrition fortification among infants with congenital heart disease is associated with higher growth velocity in the first 30 days post-repair and lower BMI percentile for age at 10 years. Further studies are needed to evaluate the association between preoperative nutrition fortification and postoperative outcomes, nutritional status, and prevalence of obesity in adolescence and adulthood.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA

    Shannon E. Murray

  2. Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Dayna Zimmerman

  3. Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA

    Sonali S. Patel

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  1. Shannon E. Murray
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  2. Dayna Zimmerman
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  3. Sonali S. Patel
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation and data collection were performed by all authors. Data analysis was performed by SM and SP. The first draft of the manuscript was written by SM and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Sonali S. Patel.

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Murray, S.E., Zimmerman, D. & Patel, S.S. Preoperative Feeding Fortification Among Infants with Congenital Heart Disease is Associated with Higher Growth Velocity in the First 30 Days Post-repair and Lower BMI Percentile for Age at 10 Years: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Pediatr Cardiol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-024-03433-9

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