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Exposure Assessment to Environmental Chemicals in Children from Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico

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Abstract

It has been demonstrated that the human biomonitoring of susceptible populations is a valuable method for the identification of critical contaminants. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the exposure profile for arsenic (As), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane (DDT), 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in children living in Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico (a major manufacturing center in Mexico). In 2012, we evaluated a total of 135 healthy children living in Ciudad Juarez since birth. The total PBDEs levels ranged from nondetectable (< LOD) to 215 ng/g lipid, with a mean total PBDEs level of 29.5 ± 53.0 ng/g lipid (geometric mean ± standard deviation). The mean total PCBs level in the study participants was 29.0 ± 10.5 ng/g lipid (range 4.50–50.0 ng/g lipid). The mean concentration of total DDT (DDT + DDE) was 11.9 ± 6.70 ng/g lipid (range 3.00–26.0 ng/g lipid). The mean 1-OHP levels was 1.2 ± 1.1 µmol/mol creatinine (range <LOD to 3.90 µmol/mol creatinine). Regarding heavy metals levels, the mean urinary As levels was 19.5 ± 3.07 µg/g creatinine, for urinary mercury the levels ranged from <LOD to 11.5 µg/L, with a mean value of 2.10 µg/L, and finally, the mean blood lead level was 4.20 ± 3.80 µg/dL. In conclusion, our data indicate high exposure levels to chemicals analyzed in the children living in the study community. Therefore, a biomonitoring program for the surveillance of the child population in Ciudad Juarez is necessary.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a grant from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico, SEMARNAT–CONACYT-2014-249421.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico

    Angeles C. Ochoa-Martinez, Sandra T. Orta-Garcia, Leticia Carrizales-Yañez, Jorge D. Martin Del Campo, Lucia G. Pruneda-Alvarez, Tania Ruiz-Vera, Ana K. Gonzalez-Palomo & Ivan N. Pérez-Maldonado

  2. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico

    Angeles C. Ochoa-Martinez, Sandra T. Orta-Garcia, Leticia Carrizales-Yañez, Jorge D. Martin Del Campo, Lucia G. Pruneda-Alvarez, Tania Ruiz-Vera, Ana K. Gonzalez-Palomo & Ivan N. Pérez-Maldonado

  3. Escuela de Medicina y Nutrición, Universidad de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico

    Edna M. Rico-Escobar

  4. Hospital General de Zona con Medicina Familiar No. 1, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico

    Iris G. Piña-Lopez

  5. El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Unidad San Cristóbal, San Cristobal De Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico

    Arturo Torres-Dosal

  6. Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Zona Media, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico

    Ivan N. Pérez-Maldonado

Authors
  1. Angeles C. Ochoa-Martinez
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  2. Sandra T. Orta-Garcia
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  3. Edna M. Rico-Escobar
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  4. Leticia Carrizales-Yañez
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  5. Jorge D. Martin Del Campo
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  6. Lucia G. Pruneda-Alvarez
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  7. Tania Ruiz-Vera
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  8. Ana K. Gonzalez-Palomo
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  9. Iris G. Piña-Lopez
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  11. Ivan N. Pérez-Maldonado
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ivan N. Pérez-Maldonado.

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Ochoa-Martinez, A.C., Orta-Garcia, S.T., Rico-Escobar, E.M. et al. Exposure Assessment to Environmental Chemicals in Children from Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 70, 657–670 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-016-0273-9

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