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Endothelin-1 expression and alterations of cerebral microcirculation after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage

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Abstract

Introduction

Cerebral vasospasm (CVS) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) often leads to poor outcomes in SAH patients. Overexpression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) could contribute to the development of CVS. The purpose of this study was to investigate cerebral microcirculation by whole-brain perfusion CT scan and ET-1 expression following SAH.

Methods

SAH was induced in rabbits. Cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), time to peak (TTP), and mean transit time (MTT) were measured with CT perfusion techniques at days 1, 4, 7, and 14 following SAH. Expression of ET-1 was determined by ELISA accordingly. Histological sections of the brain tissue were also examined.

Results

Whole-brain perfusion showed that CBV and TTP increased at day 4 and maintained elevated rate until day 14. MTT increased at day 4, peaked at day 7, and then decreased at day 14. CBV of the occipital lobe was greater than that in the frontal and parietal lobes at day 4. CBF of the occipital lobe increased significantly compared to that of other lobes at day 7. ET-1 expression in the SAH group was significantly greater than that in the control at various time points. Moreover, ET-1 levels were positively correlated with MTT value.

Conclusion

CTP detects changes in cerebral microcirculation following SAH. Microcirculation of each lobe was different and could be quantified to identify high-risk areas of cerebral ischemia. ET-1 expression was significantly increased and was correlated with MTT as well, suggesting that ET-1 influences cerebral microcirculation following SAH.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a grant from National Science Foundation of China (No: 81071151) to SBL.

Ethical standards and patient consent

We declare that this manuscript does not contain clinical studies or patient data. “Principles of laboratory animal care” (NIH publication No. 86–23, revised 1985) were followed, as well as the current version of Chinese Law on the Protection of Animals. All protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of China Medical University.

Conflict of interest

We declare that we have no conflict of interest.

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Author notes

  1. Qin Lei

    Present address: Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology of Liaoning Province, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjingbei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China

    Shu Li, Ruibin Zheng, Ke Xu & Songbai Li

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  1. Qin Lei
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Correspondence to Songbai Li.

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Lei, Q., Li, S., Zheng, R. et al. Endothelin-1 expression and alterations of cerebral microcirculation after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neuroradiology 57, 63–70 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-014-1435-y

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