Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Experimental and numerical study on optimization of heating process for small-sized workpieces in vacuum heat treatment furnace

  • Original
  • Published:
Heat and Mass Transfer Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, experimental investigation and numerical simulation on heating process of small-sized workpieces in vacuum heat treatment furnace have been conducted. The proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm was employed for the temperature control of the numerical heat transfer model. Compared with the experimental data, the numerical results were validated. The computational maximum temperature difference of workpieces agreed well with the measured ones. In order to develop a new heating schedule for efficiently and uniformly heating loads, effects of heating rate, preheating rate and preheating temperature on heating performance have been researched. The results show that the maximum temperature difference decreases as the heating rate and preheating rate decrease appropriately. It is also found that decreasing preheating temperature can reduce the temperature difference of first-stage but increase the one of second-stage. Based on the results, an optimum heating process is proposed, through which the temperature difference within the workpiece drops below 50 °C during the whole heating schedule.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

T :

temperature

t :

time

C p :

specific heat capacity at consist stress

u:

velocity vector

q:

conductive heat flux vector

n:

outward normal vector

Q 0 :

additional heat source

Q ted :

Thermo-elastic damping

k :

thermal conductivity

P in :

heat rate

V :

volume of heating tubes

K P :

proportional coefficient

K I :

integral coefficient

K D :

derivative coefficient

T set :

preset temperature

I :

radiation intensity

G :

total incoming radiative heat flux

e b :

blackbody hemispherical total emissive power

n :

refractive index

S :

propagation direction

ρ :

density

Ω:

solid angle

Φ:

scattering phase function

α :

absorption coefficient

β :

extinction coefficient

σ s :

scattering coefficient

ε :

surface emissivity

σ :

Stefan-Boltzmann’s constant

References

  1. Konakov SP, Lyapunov AI (2000) Evaluation of the advantages of vacuum heat treatment. Met Sci Heat Treat 42:84–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Nie HW, Nie JH (2013) Research and prospects of vacuum heat treatment technology, fourth international conference on digital manufacturing and automation 1011–1014

  3. Totten GE (2006) Steel heat treatment handbook, second edition. Crc Press. 2:376–377

  4. Kang J, Rong Y (2006) Modeling and simulation of load heating in heat treatment furnaces. J Mater Process Technol 174:109–114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Dong F (2001) Determination of heating time of vacuum heat treatment. Met Work 9:56–56

    Google Scholar 

  6. Dong F (2003) Analysis of heating process of vacuum heat treatment. Met Work 3:23–26

    Google Scholar 

  7. Zhang SQ (2000) Study on vacuum heat treatment thermal hysteresis time. Heat Treat Met 25:38–39

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bao E, Ren HY (2005) The selection on technical parameters of vacuum heat treatment. Heat Treat Met Abroad 26:41–42

    Google Scholar 

  9. Rad SD, Ashrafizadeh A, Nickaeen M (2017) Numerical simulation of fluid flow and heat transfer in an industrial continuous furnace. Appl Therm Eng 117:263–274

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Liu YJ, Li JD, Misra RDK et al (2016) A numerical analysis of slab heating characteristics in a rolling type reheating furnace with pulse combustion. Appl Therm Eng 107:1304–1312

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Xiu HH (2015) Research on numerical simulation of temperature field of radiation heating process and flow field of gas quenching process in vacuum furnace, Jilin University 19–57

  12. Cao RC, Wang J, Wang Q et al (2014) Numerical simulation of flow field and temperature field in the vacuum high pressure gas quenching furnace. Heat Treat 1:54–58

    Google Scholar 

  13. Wang MW, Zhang LW, Jiang GD et al (2005) FEM numerical simulation of the temperature field of the vacuum heat treatment furnace. Mech Sci Technol 24:748–750

    Google Scholar 

  14. Shi L, Xie JR (2013) Numerical simulation of the transient heat transfer process of vacuum heat treatment furnace. Vacuum 50:38–40

    Google Scholar 

  15. Hao XW, Gu JF, Chen NL et al (2008) 3-D numerical analysis on heating process of loads within vacuum heat treatment furnace. Appl Therm Eng 28:1925–1931

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Zhang P, Zhang FC, Yan ZG et al (2011) Wear property of low-temperature bainite in the surface layer of a carburized low carbon steel. Wear 271:697–704

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Bao E, Tian SJ (2009) Vacuum heat treatment, Liaoning science and technology press 30–33

  18. Yan CP (1998) Vacuum heat treatment process and equipment design. China Machine Press 46–48

  19. Howell JR, Siegel R, Mengüç MP (2010) Thermal radiation heat transfer, 5th Edition. Hemisphere Pub. Corp. 495–496

Download references

Acknowledgements

The support of the State Key laboratory of Rolling and Automation and the financial support from National Key R&D Program of China(NO. 2017YFB0306400)towards this research are acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China

    Jiadong Li, Jing Liu, Yong Tian, Haojie Wang, Yong Li & Zhaodong Wang

Authors
  1. Jiadong Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jing Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yong Tian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Haojie Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yong Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Zhaodong Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jing Liu.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest statement

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Li, J., Liu, J., Tian, Y. et al. Experimental and numerical study on optimization of heating process for small-sized workpieces in vacuum heat treatment furnace. Heat Mass Transfer 55, 1419–1426 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-018-2512-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-018-2512-2

Search

Navigation