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Three dimensional simulation of nucleate boiling heat and mass transfer in cooling passages of internal combustion engines

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Abstract

An accurate knowledge of heat transfer and temperature distribution in vehicle engines is essential to have a good management of heat transfer performance in combustion engines. This may be achieved by numerical simulation of flow through the engine cooling passages; but the task becomes particularly challenging when boiling occurs. Neglecting two phase flow processes in the simulation would however result in significant inaccuracy in the predictions. In this study a three dimensional numerical model is proposed using Fluent 6.3 to simulate heat transfer of fluid flowing through channels of conventional size. Results of the present theoretical and numerical model are then compared with some empirical results. For high fluid flow velocities, departure between experimental and numerical results is about 9 %, while for lower velocity conditions, the model inaccuracy increases to 18 %. One of the outstanding capabilities of the present model, beside its ability to simulate two phase fluid flow and heat transfer in three dimensions, is the prediction of the location of bubble formation and condensation which can be a key issue in the evaluation of the engine performance and thermal stresses.

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Abbreviations

A:

Bubble influence factor

CpL :

Specific heat capacity of liquid (J/kg K)

CpG :

Specific heat capacity of vapour (J/kg K)

dW :

Bubble departure diameter on the wall (m)

dB :

Mean bubble diameter in the bulk flow (m)

E :

Empirical constant (=9.793)

F:

Bubble departure frequency

G:

Gravitational acceleration (m/s2)

H:

Coefficient for convection heat transfer (W/m2 K)

hQ :

Coefficient for heat transfer by quenching (W/m2 K)

K:

Heat conductivity (W/m K)

k eff :

Effective conductivity (W/m K)

K p :

Turbulence kinetic energy at point P (J)

\( \dot{m}_{qp} \) :

Mass transfer from phase q to phase p (kg/s)

\( \dot{m}_{pq} \) :

Mass transfer from phase p to phase q (kg/s)

\( \dot{m}_{w} \) :

Mass of evaporation (kg/s)

Na :

Active nucleation site density

Pr:

Prandtl number of liquid

qF :

Heat flux by single-phase convection (W/m2)

qQ :

Heat flux by quenching (W/m2)

QE :

Heat by evaporation (W)

QF :

Single-phase turbulent convection heat transfer (W)

QQ :

Heat transfer due to the replacement of departed bubbles by colder fluid of upper layers (W)

Qtot :

Total heat (W)

Tb :

Bulk temperature (average temperature at each section) (°C)

TL :

Near-wall liquid temperature (°C)

Tsat :

Saturation temperature (°C)

ΔT sub,LW :

Liquid sub-cooling (°C)

ΔT sup :

Superheating (°C)

TW :

Wall temperature (°C)

TLW :

Liquid characteristic near-wall temperature (°C)

tW :

Waiting time (s)

U:

Velocity (m/s)

U c :

Mean velocity magnitude at \( {\text{y}}^{*} = {\text{y}}_{\text{T}}^{*} \) (m/s)

y p :

Distance from point P to the wall (m)

y+ :

Non-dimensional distance to the wall

α:

Volume fraction of bubbles

ρG :

Vapour density (kg/m3)

ρL :

Liquid density (kg/m3)

ρm :

Mixture density (kg/m3)

Ω:

Area fraction occupied by bubbles (m2)

v m :

Averaged velocity (m/s)

μ m :

Viscosity of the mixture (Pa s)

\( \overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\rightharpoonup}$}} {v}_{dr,k} \) :

Drift velocity for secondary phase k (m/s)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tafresh University, Tafresh, Iran

    R. Mehdipour & Z. Baniamerian

  2. School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland

    Y. Delauré

Authors
  1. R. Mehdipour
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  2. Z. Baniamerian
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  3. Y. Delauré
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Z. Baniamerian.

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Mehdipour, R., Baniamerian, Z. & Delauré, Y. Three dimensional simulation of nucleate boiling heat and mass transfer in cooling passages of internal combustion engines. Heat Mass Transfer 52, 957–968 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-015-1611-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-015-1611-6

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