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Intraspecific trophic variation during the early chick-rearing period in Magellanic penguins Spheniscus magellanicus: influence of age and colony location

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Abstract

Intraspecific competition for food resources has the potential to be high for central-place foragers such as penguins and can result in spatial and dietary foraging niche segregation among individuals of the same species. We sampled adults, chicks, and juvenile individuals’ whole blood from three colonies of Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) from Tierra del Fuego along an inshore-offshore corridor. We analyzed the isotopic niche, the trophic position and the diet composition in penguins to investigate intraspecific trophic niche variation in relation to biological (age of individuals) and external factors (foraging habitats, colony location) using carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope values. We found isotopic niche segregation between age classes within each colony. When comparing across colonies, only juvenile exhibited some degree of isotopic niche overlap among colonies. In addition, at all three colonies juveniles had the largest isotopic niches with relatively higher variation in δ13C values. All individuals consumed low trophic position (TP) prey items such as the pelagic form of Munida gregaria based on stable isotope mixing model results. Adults and juveniles incorporated high TP (silverside and nototheniids) prey items into their diets, except for juveniles from Martillo Island whose proportions mirror chicks’ values. These results denote that parents consumed different prey items for themselves than for their chicks. Intraspecific trophic niche partitioning between colonies showed a decreasing δ13C and δ15N values from the nearest inshore colony relative to the farther offshore colonies. Understanding within and between colonies foraging strategies are important to set up connectivity between populations, status of the different colonies, and to develop adequate conservation actions.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Ulises Balza and Nicolás A. Lois for technical help with stable isotope analysis and samples collection. We acknowledge Andres and Alejandro Greco from Piratur SA for transportation to Martillo Island; and the Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC), Museo Acatushún de Aves y Mamíferos Marinos Australes, and Ea. Harberton, which provided logistical support.

Funding

This study was financially supported by the Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (PICT 2012-1832, PICT 2014-1870), Wildlife Conservation Society, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), and the Antarctic Research Trust. Research by S.D. was carried out under a PhD fellowship from CONICET.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ecología y Conservación de la Vida Silvestre, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

    Samanta Dodino, Luciana Riccialdelli & Andrea Raya Rey

  2. Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA

    Michael J. Polito

  3. Antarctic Research Trust, Bremervörde, Germany

    Klemens Pütz

  4. Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

    Andrea Raya Rey

  5. Wildlife Conservation Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Andrea Raya Rey

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  1. Samanta Dodino
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  2. Luciana Riccialdelli
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  3. Michael J. Polito
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  4. Klemens Pütz
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  5. Andrea Raya Rey
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SD: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal Analysis and Investigation, Writing-Original Draft Preparation; LR: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Resources, Writing-Review and Editing, Supervision; MJP: Methodology, Resources, Writing-Review and Editing; KP: Resources, Writing-Review and Editing, Funding acquisition; ARR: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Resources, Writing-Review and Editing, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Samanta Dodino.

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Dodino, S., Riccialdelli, L., Polito, M.J. et al. Intraspecific trophic variation during the early chick-rearing period in Magellanic penguins Spheniscus magellanicus: influence of age and colony location. Mar Biol 169, 116 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-022-04100-4

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