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Trophic dynamics and properties of the marine ecosystem of Campeche Bank, Mexico

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Abstract

Campeche Bank located in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico is characterized by particular oceanographic and physiographic conditions that promote great biodiversity, including abundant fishery resources. Systematic sampling through oceanographic campaigns (November 2015, April 2016), produced high-quality data to generate a trophic model balance using Ecopath software. The goal of this study is to know the baseline of the structure and functioning of this important marine area. The predator/prey matrix was drawn up from the stomach content analysis of 186 fish species integrated into 47 families. The schematic representation exemplifies a complex trophic interaction of 22 trophic groups, including 10 fish groups, 8 invertebrate, zooplankton, phytoplankton, benthic producers, and detritus. Production and consumption of biomass and ecotrophic efficiency values were calculated for each of the trophic groups. The Total System Throughput was of 319.514 t/km2/year. The Ascendency, system Overhead, and Development Capacity were of 476.4, 673.1, and 1150.0 flow bits, respectively. Campeche Bank is an oligotrophic system with an intermediate state of resilience to environmental variations, growth potential intermediate, and greatly influenced by loop and Caribbean currents. These properties together with indicators of overfishing in the system and pollution (hydrocarbons), highlight the requirement of controlling fishery pressures and monitor hydrocarbons industry in the area to maintain its function and biodiversity.

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Availability of data and material

All the captured fish specimens were preserved and cataloged at the ichthyological collection of the CINVESTAV Merida (CINV-NEC) with the reference number YUC-PEC 084.0999.

Code availability

The information presented in this manuscript corresponds to the input parameters to the software Ecopath with Ecosim, and anyone can replicate the results with these parameters.

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Acknowledgements

This research has been funded by the Mexican National Council for Science and Technology—Mexican Ministry of Energy—Hydrocarbon Fund, project 201441. This is a contribution of the Gulf of Mexico Research Consortium (CIGoM). We acknowledge PEMEX’s specific request to the Hydrocarbon Fund to address the environmental effects of oil spills in the Gulf of Mexico. We are very thankful to Mirella Hernández de Santillana for the processing of the sample and to the staff of the Taxonomy and Ecology laboratory from Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Merida.

Funding

This research was funded by the National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico - Mexican Ministry of Energy - Hydrocarbon Fund, project 201441. This is a contribution of the Gulf of Mexico Research Consortium (CIGoM).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratorio de Taxonomía y Ecología de Peces, CINVESTAV-IPN, Unidad Mérida, km 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso, AP 73 Cordemex, 97310, Mérida, YUC, México

    Ariel Adriano Chi-Espínola & María Eugenia Vega-Cendejas

Authors
  1. Ariel Adriano Chi-Espínola
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  2. María Eugenia Vega-Cendejas
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Contributions

The authors contributed to the study conception and design. Data curation, formal analysis, and methodology and software was performed by Ariel Adriano Chi Espinola. Funding acquisition, project administration, resources and supervision by Maria Eugenia Vega Cendejas. Investigation, validation, visualization by Ariel Adriano Chi Espinola and Maria Eugenia Vega Cendejas. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Ariel Adriano Chi Espinola and both authors contribute writing the review, editions of the manuscript, read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to María Eugenia Vega-Cendejas.

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Conflict of interest

The authors Ariel Adriano Chi Espínola and María Eugenia Vega Cendejas declare that they have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. The study here presented has not been published previously in any form and is not under consideration for publication elsehere. When the study get accepted for publication, will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright-holder.

Ethical approval

The corresponding fishing permit was obtained (No. PPF/DGOPA-070/16), using a shrimp trawl net. All specimens collected were frozen at -5ºC to avoid suffering, avoiding the use of alcohol or formaldehyde.

Ethical statement

We declare in this study that all applicable international, national and/or institutional guidelines for sampling, care and experimental use of organisms for the study have been followed. Approval was obtained by the Fishery permit No. PPF / DGOPA-070/15 by the Secretary of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural development, Fisheries and food. National Aquaculture and Fisheries Commission. Mexican United States (Date April 26, 2016).

Consent to participate

All authors actively participated in the development of the present manuscript. These activities include fish collections and their identification, elaboration of databases, use of software, analysis, and writing.

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All authors agree with the information presented in the manuscript.

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Chi-Espínola, A.A., Vega-Cendejas, M.E. Trophic dynamics and properties of the marine ecosystem of Campeche Bank, Mexico. Mar Biol 169, 14 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-021-03999-5

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