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Food availability in an anthropogenically impacted habitat determines tolerance to hypoxia in the Asian green mussel Perna viridis

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Abstract

The Asian green mussel Perna viridis is tolerant to environmental stress, but its robustness varies between populations from habitats that differ in quality. So far, it is unclear whether local adaptations through stress-induced selection or phenotypic plasticity are responsible for these inter-population differences. We tested for the relevance of both mechanisms by comparing survival under hypoxia in mussels that were transplanted from an anthropogenically impacted (Jakarta Bay, Indonesia) to a natural habitat (Lada Bay, Indonesia) and vice versa. Mussels were retrieved 8 weeks after transplantation and exposed to hypoxia in the laboratory. Additional hypoxia tests were conducted with juvenile mussels collected directly from both sites. To elucidate possible relationships between habitat quality and mussel tolerance, we monitored concentrations of inorganic nutrients, temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, phytoplankton density and the mussels’ body condition index (BCI) for 20 months before, during and after the experiments. Survival under hypoxia depended mainly on the quality of the habitat where the mussels lived before the hypoxia tests and only to a small degree on their site of origin. Furthermore, stress tolerance was only higher in Jakarta than in Lada Bay mussels when the BCIs were substantially higher, which in turn correlated with the phytoplankton densities. We explain why phenotypic plasticity and high BCIs are more likely the causes of population-specific differences in hypoxia tolerance in P. viridis than stress-induced selection for robust genotypes. This is relevant to understanding the role of P. viridis as mariculture organism in eutrophic ecosystems and invasive species in the (sub)tropical world.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Indra Jaya and Azbas Taurusman for providing research facilities at the Marine Habitat Laboratory and the Integrated Laboratory at the faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Bogor Agricultural University (FPIK-IPB) and the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) for funding this project with a PhD scholarship. We very much acknowledge the help by the mussel farmers from Muara Kamal and Lada Bay.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Marine Science and Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Agatis No.1, Bogor, West Java, 16680, Indonesia

    Mareike Huhn, Neviaty P. Zamani & Karen von Juterzenka

  2. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany

    Mareike Huhn & Mark Lenz

  3. Institute for Ecosystem Research, Kiel University, 24118, Kiel, Germany

    Karen von Juterzenka

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  1. Mareike Huhn
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  2. Neviaty P. Zamani
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Correspondence to Mareike Huhn.

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All applicable international, national and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

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Responsible Editor: M. G. Chapman.

Reviewed by B. Vukovic-Gacic and an undisclosed expert.

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Huhn, M., Zamani, N.P., von Juterzenka, K. et al. Food availability in an anthropogenically impacted habitat determines tolerance to hypoxia in the Asian green mussel Perna viridis . Mar Biol 163, 15 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-015-2786-6

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