Abstract
Previous research found that some organosilicon treatments proved effective in stabilizing waterlogged wood dimensions during drying. The present research aimed to determine the mechanism of wood stabilization by these chemicals to understand their mode of action. The study used chemically (ChP) and biologically degraded (BP) model Scots pine wood treated with Methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS), (3-Mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MPTMS), or 1,3-Bis(diethylamino)-3-propoxypropanol)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (DEAPTMDS). Synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) was used to investigate the penetration of organosilicons into the wood cellular structure and cell walls, and nanoindentation was used to study the mechanical properties of the treated wood cell walls. All treatments resulted in high volumetric anti-shrink efficiency (ASEV) values of 74–82%, except for MTMS-treated ChP with an ASEV of 52%. The multiscale XFM results revealed that all applied organosilicons penetrated throughout the whole wooden blocks and deposited in both cell lumina and cell walls. The retention of all applied organosilicons was highest in BP wood, and so was the dimensional stabilization effect. MTMS-treated ChP had the lowest measured cell wall infiltration, which likely contributed to its lower ASEv. DEAPTMDS treatments plasticized the cell walls and resulted in lowered nanoindentation elastic modulus (EsNI) and hardness (H) for all types of wood. MTMS and MPTMS had modest effects on cell wall mechanical properties, and the effect depended on the type of wood. The final effect of organosilicon treatment on the dimensional wood stabilization and mechanical properties of wood cell walls depended not only on the type of the applied organosilicon but also the type of wood degradation. This means that the treatment cannot be considered universal, and specific approaches are needed for the conservation of individual wooden objects. Although some mechanisms are now better understood, such as the need for organosilicons to infiltrate the cell walls and the plasticizing effect of DEAPTMDS, other aspects will benefit from a more detailed analysis of the molecular interactions between organosilicons and wood polymers.
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Funding
This research was partially supported by the Polish–U.S. Fulbright Commission through a Fulbright Senior Award 2020/21 granted to Magdalena Broda and funded by the USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, US. Wood impregnation with organosilicon compounds was supported by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education within the “Cultural heritage—research into innovative solutions and methods for historic wood conservation” project (No. 2bH 15 0037 83). This research used resources from the Advanced Photon Source, a US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The work by Qiaoling Jin was supported by NIH Biotechnology Resources Grants P41, project number 1P41GM135018-01, project title: Quantitative Elemental Mapping for the Life Sciences, PI: O’Halloran, Thomas V. (Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824) Jacobsen, Chris Johnson (XSD, Argonne). This research was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.
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MB and JEJ wrote the main manuscript text; JEJ prepared Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8; MB prepared Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4, Fig. 1 and contributed to Fig.2; LL, OAA, ERM and QJ conducted XFM analyses; MB prepared wood samples; MB and JEJ conducted nanoindentation. All authors reviewed the manuscript.
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Broda, M., Jakes, J.E., Li, L. et al. Conservation of model degraded pine wood with selected organosilicons studied by XFM and nanoindentation. Wood Sci Technol 58, 649–675 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-024-01533-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-024-01533-6