Abstract
Neurostimulation, e.g., transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), shows promise as an effective cognitive intervention. In spite of low spatial resolution, limited penetration, and temporary influence, evidence highlights tDCS-linked cognitive benefits in a range of cognitive domains. The left posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is an accessible node in frontoparietal networks engaged during long-term memory (LTM). Here, we tested the hypothesis that tDCS can facilitate LTM by pairing LTM encoding and retrieval with PPC stimulation. Healthy young adults performed a verbal LTM task (California Verbal Learning Task) with four different stimulation parameters. In Experiment 1, we applied tDCS to left PPC during LTM encoding. In Experiment 2, we applied tDCS just prior to retrieval to test the temporal specificity of tDCS during a LTM task. In later experiments, we tested hemispheric specificity by replicating Experiment 1 while stimulating the right PPC. Experiment 1 showed that tDCS applied during LTM encoding improved the pace of list learning and enhanced retrieval after a short delay. Experiment 2 indicated anodal left PPC tDCS only improved LTM when applied during encoding, and not during maintenance. Experiments 3 and 4 confirmed that tDCS effects were hemisphere specific and that no effects were found after right PPC stimulation during encoding. These findings indicate that anodal tDCS to the PPC helps verbal LTM in healthy young adults under certain conditions. First, when it is applied to the left, not the right, PPC and second, when it is applied during encoding.
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Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Dwight Peterson, Jaclyn Stephens, and Sierra Kreamer-Hope. This work was supported by an Institutional Development Award (IDeA) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the NIH P20GM103650 (PI Michael Webster, Project Leader Marian Berryhill), NEI R15EY022775 (to Marian Berryhill and Gideon Caplovitz), and faculty startup funds generously provided by the University of Nevada, Reno. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not represent the official views of the NIGMS, or the NEI.
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Jones, K.T., Gözenman, F. & Berryhill, M.E. Enhanced long-term memory encoding after parietal neurostimulation. Exp Brain Res 232, 4043–4054 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-014-4090-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-014-4090-y