Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Simultaneous detection of multiple phenolic compounds in shrimps through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry coupled with a modified QuEChERS

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
European Food Research and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Owing to the difficult degradation of phenolic compounds, the existence of phenolic compound residues accumulated through the food chain in crustaceans and their effects on human health have garnered considerable and more attention. However, the current detection methods for phenolic compounds are not only complex and time-consuming but can also detect fewer types of phenols simultaneously. Thus, a simple, high-throughput method without derivatization for the determination of 18 phenolic compounds in crustaceans was developed using a modified QuEChERS sample preparation method combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results indicated that the average recovery of the 18 phenolic compounds was 80.2–106.5% at three spiked levels, and the relative standard deviation was 2.6–12.4%. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.001–0.014 and 0.003–0.042 mg/kg, respectively. Good linear relationships were observed for the phenolic compounds in their corresponding concentration ranges (R2 > 0.999). The applicability of the method was assessed by analyzing 16 actual shrimp samples, among which five samples contained residues ranging from 0.013 to 0.042 mg/kg. Moreover, the establishment of this method has important theoretical and practical significance for the determination and control of the residue levels of phenolic compounds in crustaceans. In addition, it can provide a reference for the development of similar detection standard methods in the future.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

  1. Wu M, Wang L, Xu G, Liu N, Tang L, Zheng J, Bu T, Lei B (2013) Seasonal and spatial distribution of 4-tert-octylphenol, 4-nonylphenol and bisphenol A in the Huangpu River and its tributaries, Shanghai. China Environ Monit Assess 185:3149–3161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-012-2779-6

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Lu J, Wu J, Stoffella PJ, Wilson PC (2015) Uptake and distribution of bisphenol A and nonylphenol in vegetable crops irrigated with reclaimed water. J Haz Mater 283:865–870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.10.018

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Agarry SE, Solomon BO (2008) Kinetics of batch microbial degradation of phenols by indigenous Pseudomonas fluorescence. Int J Environ Sci Technol 5:223–232. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03326016

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Gong J, Ran Y, Chen DY, Yang Y (2011) Occurrence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in riverine sediments from the Pearl River Delta. China Mar Pollut Bull 63:556–563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.01.026

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Munaretto JS, Ferronato G, Ribeiro LC, Manoel LM, Adaime MB, Zanella R (2013) Development of a multiresidue method for the determination of endocrine disrupters in fish fillet using gas chromatography–triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 116:827–834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2013.07.047

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Lee CC, Jiang LY, Kuo YL, Chen CY, Hsieh CY, Hung CF, Tien CJ (2015) Characteristics of nonylphenol and bisphenol A accumulation by fish and implications for ecological and human health. Sci Total Environ 502:417–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.09.042

    Article  ADS  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Chevolleau S, Bouville A, Debrauwer L (2020) Development and validation of a modified QuEChERS protocol coupled to UHPLC-APCI-MS/MS for the simple and rapid quantification of 16 heterocyclic aromatic amines in cooked beef. Food Chem 316:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126327

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Liao CY, Kannan K (2013) Concentrations and profiles of bisphenol A and other bisphenol analogues in foodstuffs from the United States and their implications for human exposure. J Agric Food Chem 61:4655–4662. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf400445n

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Liao CY, Kannan K (2014) A survey of bisphenol A and other bisphenol analogues in foodstuffs from nine cities in China. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 31:319–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2013.868611

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Liu JL, Wang RM, Huang B, Lin C, Wang Y, Pan XJ (2011) Distribution and bioaccumulation of steroidal and phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals in wild fish species from Dianchi Lake, China. Environ Pollut 159:2815–2822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.05.013

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Song JW, Jin YR, Liu HL (2020) Research on the endocrine disruption effect of typical phenolic pollutants: The embryonic development effects and molecule effects of gene regulation mediated by nuclear receptor on Zebrafish. China Environ Sci. 40:4065–4076. https://doi.org/10.19674/j.cnki.issn1000-6923.2020.0453

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Mortazavi S, Bakhtiari AR, Sari AE, Bahramifar N, Rahbarizadeh F (2013) Occurrence of endocrine disruption chemicals (bisphenol A, 4-nonylphenol, and octylphenol) in muscle and liver of, cyprinus carpino common, from anzali wetland Iran. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 90:578–584. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-013-0964-0

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Salgueiro-González N, Turnes-Carou I, Muniategui-Lorenzo S, López-Mahía P, Prada-Rodríguez D (2014) Analysis of endocrine disruptor compounds in marine sediments by in cell clean up-pressurized liquid extraction-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry determination. Anal Chim Acta 852:112–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2014.09.041

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Basheer C, Obbard JP, Lee HK (2005) Analysis of persistent organic pollutants in marine sediments using a novel microwave assisted solvent extraction and liquid-phase microextraction technique. J Chromatogr A 1068:221–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.01.099

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Czech T, Bonilla NB, Gambus F, González RR, Marín-Sáez J, Vidal JLM, Frenich AG (2016) Fast analysis of 4-tertoctylphenol, pentachlorophenol and 4-nonylphenol in river sediments by QuEChERS extraction procedure combined with GC-QqQ-MS/MS. Sci Total Environ 557–558:681–687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.135

    Article  ADS  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. He ZY, Wang YH, Wang L, Peng Y, Wang WW, Liu XW (2017) Determination of 255 pesticides in edible vegetable oils using QuEChERS method and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 409:1017–1030. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-0016-9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Medeiros AS, Silva DB, Santos AO, Castro SSL, Oliveira TMBF (2020) Voltammetric sensing of E, E-dienestrol in fish tissue by combining a cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode and QuEChERS extraction method. Microchem J 155:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2020.104718

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Qin X, Zhao LJ, Huang QQ, Liu YY, Xu YM, Qin DM, Liu YT (2018) Rapid multi-residue determination of pesticides in animal-derived food via modified QuEChERS sample preparation and GC/MS. Food Anal Methods 11:1493–1500. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-017-1139-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Xing LJ, Zou LJ, Luo RF, Wang Y (2020) Determination of five Alternaria toxins in wolfberry using modified QuEChERS and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food chem 311:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125975

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Tölgyesi Á, Stroka J, Tamosiunas V, Zwickel T (2015) Simultaneous analysis of Alternaria toxins and citrinin in tomato: an optimised method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 32:1512–1522. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2015.1072644

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Marina G, Stefan A, Klara G, Fooladi MA, Elisabeth B, Roland K, Michael R (2019) Quantitation of six Alternaria toxins in infant foods applying stable isotope labeled standards. Front Microbiol 10:1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Li W, Zhang ZM, Zhang RR, Jiao HF, Sun AL, Shi XZ, Chen J (2020) Effective removal matrix interferences by a modified QuEChERS based on the molecularly imprinted polymers for determination of 84 polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in shellfish samples. J Hazard Mater 384:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121241

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Swagata M, Rajlakshmi P, Sudip B, Inul A, Datta RS, Kumar HD, Rajib K (2019) Multiclass multipesticide residue analysis in fish matrix by a modified QuEChERS method using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric determination. J AOAC Int 103:62–67. https://doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.19-0205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Kamal N, Galvez R, Buelna G (2014) Application of a solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography method to quantify phenolic compounds in woodwaste leachate. Water Qual Res J Can 49:210–222. https://doi.org/10.2166/wqrjc.2014.002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Zhao KY (2019) Multiplex isotope labeling coupled with LC-MS for the quantitative analysis of phenols in environment. Dissertation, Dalian University of Technology

  26. Sghaier RB, Net S, Ghorbel-Abid I, Bessadok S, Coz ML, Hassan-Chehimi DB, Trabelsi-Ayadi M, Tackx M, Ouddane B (2017) Simultaneous detection of 13 endocrine disrupting chemicals in water by a combination of SPE-BSTFA derivatization and GC-MS in transboundary rivers (France-Belgium). Water Air Soil Pollut 228:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-016-3195-2

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Padilla-Sánchez JA, Plaza-Bolaños P, Romero-González R, Barco-Bonilla N, Martínez-Vidal JL, Garrido-Frenich A (2011) Simultaneous analysis of chlorophenols, alkylphenols, nitrophenols and cresols in wastewater effluents, using solid phase extraction and further determination by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 85:2397–2404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2011.07.081

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Wang B, Liang M, Chen JF, Wang L, Xian YP, Wu YL, Guo XD (2019) Determination of 8 phenols in bakery food and raw material by isotope dilution-dispersive solid phase extraction couple with UHPLC-MS/MS. Mod Food Sci Technol. 35:261–266+98. https://doi.org/10.13982/j.mfst.1673-9078.2019.7.036

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Zuo YG, Zhu Z (2014) Simultaneous identification and quantification of 4-cumylphenol, 2,4-bis-(dimethylbenzyl)phenol and bisphenol A in prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Chemosphere 107:447–453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.01.058

    Article  ADS  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Tavazzi S, Benfenati E, Barceló D (2002) Accelerated solvent extraction then liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry for determination of 4-t-octylphenol, 4-nonylphenols, and bisphenol A in fish liver. Chromatographia 56:463–467. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02492010

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Mottaleb MA, Usenko S, Donnell JGO, Ramirez AJ, Brooks BW, Chambliss CK (2009) Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry screening methods for select UV filters, synthetic musks, alkylphenols, an antimicrobial agent, and an insect repellent in fish. J Chromatogr A 1216:815–823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.072

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Xu YJ, Zhang SJ, Gong XH, Liu HH, Deng XX, Zhang HW, Zhang XZ (2011) Determination of bromophenols in fishery product by GCP and GC/MS. J Chin Mass Spectrom Soc. 32:350–354+366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2010.05.010

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Ferreira SLC, Bruns RE, Silva EGPD, Santos WNLD, Quintella CM, David JM, Andrade JBD, Breitkreitz MC, Jardim ICSF, Neto BB (2007) Statistical designs and response surface techniques for the optimization of chromatographic systems. J Chromatogr A 1158:2–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.051

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Outinen K, Haario H, Vuorela P, Nyman M, Ukkonen E, Vuorela H (1998) Optimization of selectivity in high-performance liquid chromatography using desirability functions and mixture designs according to PRISMA. Eur J Pharm Sci 6:197–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0928-0987(97)10016-1

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Vanbel PF, Tilquin BL, Schoenmakers PJ (1996) Criteria for optimizing the separation of target analytes in complex chromatograms. Chemom Intell Lab Syst 35:67–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7439(96)00046-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Ferreira SLC, Silva Junior MM, Felix CSA, Da Silva DLF, Santos AS, Santos Neto JH, De Souza CT, Cruz Junior RA, Souza AS (2017) Multivariate optimization techniques in food analysis—a review. Food Chem 273:3–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.114

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Chinese Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) (2022) Implementation rules for sampling inspection of state food safety supervision (2022 Version). 315

  38. Commission regulation (EU) No 657/2002 of 12 August 2002 implementing Council Directive 96/23/EC concerning the performance of analytical methods and the interpretation of result. http://muchong.com/bbs/attachment.php?tid=865793&aid=5990. Accessed 17 May 2022

  39. Xi ZS, Chen CK, Yuan HG, Shen JX, Ding LJ (2019) Study on determination of chloramphenicol residues in quail eggs and pigeon eggs by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Yangzhou Univ Agric Life Sci Ed 40:86–92. https://doi.org/10.16872/j.cnki.1671-4652.2019.06.015

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Chen H (2015) The research of Clove phenol drug residue detection in the aquatic products. Dissertation, Guangdong Ocean University.

  41. Wang LZ, Fang EH, Wang CJ, Chen Y, Lin ZX, Xu DM (2018) Determination of trace pentachlorophenol and its sodium salt in animal-origin foods by QuEChERS-ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Chin J Chromatogr 36:518–522. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1123.2018.03017

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Bu MN, Shi ZH, Kang J, Fan CL, Pang GF (2012) Simultaneous determination of 72 veterinary drugs in shrimp by modified QuEChERS and high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Instrum Anal 31:552–558. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-4957.2012.05.008

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Huang W, Li HQ, Liu JF, Gao P, Xu JL, Tang YY, Li J (2018) Determination of 6 kinds of eugenol derivatives residues in aquatic products by QuEChERS-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Food Saf Qual 9:422–428

    Google Scholar 

  44. Huang JF (2020) Simultaneous determination of pentachlorophenol and chloramphenicols in large Yellow Croaker by QuEChERS and HPLC-MS/MS. Mod Food. https://doi.org/10.16736/j.cnki.cn41-1434/ts.2020.21.052

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Chu NM, Yang JY, Chai Y, Kang YQ, Zhang XM (2015) Determination of 49 pesticides Residues in bamboo shoot using QuEChERS-modified and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Southwest China J Agric Sci. 28:1288–1294. https://doi.org/10.16213/j.cnki.scjas.2015.03.069

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Xing JL, Li Y, Zheng RH, Shen H, Xu XR, Mao LY, Luo XH, Shen J, Yao WR (2022) Simultaneous detection of multiple phenolic compounds in fish by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry following a modified QuEChERS cleanup. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 39:1136–1148. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2022.2062058

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Liu Y, Zhang TL, Yang L, Liu R, Liu Y (2015) Simultaneous determination of 14 nitrophenol compounds by QuEChERS-ultra performance liquid chromatography. Chin J Energ Mater. 23:73–79. https://doi.org/10.11943/j.issn.1006-9941.2015.01.015

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Yang WT, Wu SJ, Zhu WT, Yang L (2015) Technology optimization of the ultrasonic extraction of flavonoids from herba houttuyniae by response surface methodology. Med Plant. 6:25–28

    Google Scholar 

  49. Chen Y, Yang XS, Yang J (2016) Response surface methodology for optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction process and antioxidant activity on Siraitia grosvenorii polysaccharides. Food Sci Technol. 41:180–184. https://doi.org/10.13684/j.cnki.spkj.2016.08.043

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Chen Y, Song ZK, Zhang HY (2020) Optimization extraction and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from Solanum Nigrum fruit by response surface methodology. Food Sci Technol. 45:209–215. https://doi.org/10.13684/j.cnki.spkj.2020.07.036

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Gou QS, Hu W, Wang Z, Qin XK, Shen WY, Liu LY, Li F (2019) Effect of bean pule on processing and quality of soda biscuits. Sci Technol Food Ind 40:39–44. https://doi.org/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2019.16.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Wang J, Ling Y, Deng YM, Zhang YJ, Yang XS, Liu LX, Liu XM, Li DH, Zhang F (2020) Determination of 15 lipid regulators in fish meat by QuEChERS-ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap mass spectrometry. Chin J Chromatogr 38:655–662. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1123.2019.10011

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Lenise GDO, Márcia HSK, Maciel GMC, Leonardo MM, Damian PO, Renato Z, Silva RJND, Ferreira GF (2019) Development and validation of a method for the analysis of pyrethroid residues in fish using GC-MS. Food chem 297:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.06.011

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Pizzutti IR, Vela GME, Kok A, Scholten JM, Dias JV, Cardoso CD, Concenço G, Rafael V (2016) Determination of paraquat and diquat: LC-MS method optimization and validation. Food chem 209:248–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.069

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Huerta B, Jakimska A, Gros M, Rodríguez-Mozaz S, Barceló D (2013) Analysis of multi-class pharmaceuticals in fish tissues by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1288:63–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2013.03.001

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Dong H, Zeng XF, Bai WD (2018) Solid phase extraction with high polarity Carb/PSA as composite fillers prior to UPLC-MS/MS to determine six bisphenols and alkylphenols in trace level hotpot seasoning. Food chem 258:206–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.074

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Wu YL, Chen LW, Xian YP, Hou XC, Liang M, Dong H, Chen JF (2019) Quantitative analysis of fourteen heterocyclic aromatic amines in bakery products by a modified QuEChERS method coupled to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Food Chem 298:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125048

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Ningbo Academy of Product and Food Quality Inspection (Ningbo Fibre Inspection Institute) for providing experimental sites and instruments for this study.

Funding

Fundings for this work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32202060), 2023 Science and Technology Plan Project of State Market Supervision Administration (2023MK134), Zhejiang Province Market Supervision Innovation Team, Ningbo 2023 Major Science and Technology Project in the Top of the List (2023Z127), Public Welfare Plan Project of Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau (2023S160), Science and Technology Plan Project of Zhejiang Market Supervision Bureau (CY2023322), the Young Innovative Talent Project of Ningbo Yongjiang Talent Introduction Programme (2022A156G), the Fan-3315 Innovation Team of Ningbo (No. 2018B-18-C), the Key Scientific Research Project of Ningbo (2021ZDYF020179), and the Ningbo High-Tech Elite Innovation Team (Yonggaoke [2018] No. 63), Zhejiang Basic Public Welfare Research Plan (LGC24C200008), the key Science and Technology Fundation of Ningbo (2023Z127).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ningbo Academy of Product and Food Quality Inspection, Ningbo Fibre Inspection Institute, Ningbo, 315048, China

    Jiali Xing, Xiaorong Xu, Cancan Chen, Lingyan Mao, Jian Shen, Hai Cheng & Shufen Zhang

  2. College of Science, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, 315211, China

    Yang Li

  3. College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000, China

    Xiaohu Luo

  4. State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Centre for Technology Innovation On Fast Biological Detection of Grain Quality and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China

    Yahui Guo

  5. School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China

    Ning Gan

Authors
  1. Jiali Xing
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xiaorong Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yang Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Cancan Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Lingyan Mao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Xiaohu Luo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Jian Shen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Hai Cheng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Shufen Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Yahui Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Ning Gan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

JX: methodology, writing—original draft. XX: writing—review and editing. YL: validation, writing—original draft. CC: data curation. LM: literature search. XL: conceptualization. SZ: resources and supervision. YG: formal analysis. HC: funding acquisition. JS: project administration. NG: data collection.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xiaohu Luo.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no known competing financial interests or conflict of interests that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.

Compliance with ethics requirements

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Xing, J., Xu, X., Li, Y. et al. Simultaneous detection of multiple phenolic compounds in shrimps through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry coupled with a modified QuEChERS. Eur Food Res Technol 250, 829–843 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-023-04430-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-023-04430-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation