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Monitoring the volatile composition and change in different geographical regions and harvest time of Chinese truffle (Tuber indicum Cooke & Massee)

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Abstract

Truffle is ectomycorrhizal ascomycota and produces hypogeous edible ascocarps, which was globally acknowledged as one of the most expensive food in the gastronomy market due to its unique flavor and texture, good culinary properties as well as health value. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the important contributor for truffle unique flavor. In this study, the VOCs of the Chinese black truffle T. indicum ascocarps from seven different geographical regions and five harvest time in China were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Total 589 compounds were analyzed and 1-octen-3-ol had the highest content in all analyzed samples. Discriminant analysis was carried out on the VOCs to build the models which can determine T. indicum collection region and time authenticity. This study clearly illustrated the characteristics of the VOCs profile of Chinese black truffle in relation to geographical regions and harvest time and provide profitable information for the scientific collection, conservation and utilization of the precious truffle resources in China in future.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Prof. Peigui Liu for kind help in collecting samples. We thank to Dr. Claude Murat and Dr. Annegret Kohler for critical discussion and Jiayin Sun and Chengbin Yang for giving us help in field investigation in the truffle orchards.

Funding

This study was funded by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS) (2021-I2M-1-032), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81973423, 81973425) and Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2020MC001).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China

    Yang Li, Jiamei Li, Dongyu Zhou, Yongmei Xing & Juan Chen

  2. Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, 264002, Shandong, China

    Peng Qiao

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  1. Yang Li
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  2. Jiamei Li
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  3. Peng Qiao
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  4. Dongyu Zhou
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  6. Juan Chen
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Contributions

Conceptualization: JC; Methodology: YL and JL; Software: YL; Validation: YX; Resources: PQ, YL, JL and DZ.; Data Curation: YL, DZ and YX; Writing-original draft preparation: YL; Writing-review and editing: JC; Supervision: YX and JC; Project administration: JC; Funding acquisition: JC, YX and PQ. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Yongmei Xing or Juan Chen.

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Appendix

Appendix

See Tables 4 and 5.

Table 4 Analysis results of the discrimination test of VOCs in T. indicum ascocarps from different geographical regions
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Table 5 Analysis results of the discrimination test of VOCs in T. indicum ascocarps from different harvest time
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Li, Y., Li, J., Qiao, P. et al. Monitoring the volatile composition and change in different geographical regions and harvest time of Chinese truffle (Tuber indicum Cooke & Massee). Eur Food Res Technol 248, 1663–1677 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-022-03994-0

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