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Composition of tocochromanols in the kernels recovered from plum pits: the impact of the varieties and species on the potential utility value for industrial application

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Abstract

The profile of tocopherol (T) and tocotrienol (T3) homologues in kernels recovered from 28 various plum varieties of hexaploid species Prunus domestica L. and diploid plums Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. and its crossbreeds were studied. One tocotrienol (α-T3) and four tocopherol homologues (α, β, γ and δ) were determined in all studied samples by an RP-HPLC/FLD method. The concentration of tocochromanols varied considerably in kernels of different plum varieties and amounted, respectively: 3.55–11.84 (α-T), 0.01–0.13 (β-T), 30.58–73.63 (γ-T), 0.71–4.04 (δ-T), 0.24–1.47 mg/100 g dw (α-T3). The total content of tocochromanols was recorded in the range 36.86–83.38 mg/100 g dw. The average percentage of individual tocochromanols detected in the plum kernels was as follows: α-T (11.6 %), β-T (0.1 %), γ-T (83.6 %), δ-T (3.5 %) and α-T3 (1.2 %). Concentration of tocopherol homologues and α-T3 in kernels of the diploid plums P. cerasifera and its crossbreeds were on average ~20 % lower, with the exception of δ-T (50 % lower), in comparison with the P. domestica. The principal component analysis allowed to classify the tested samples in two main groups and several outliers.

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Abbreviations

DW:

Dry weight basis

RP-HPLC/FLD:

Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatograph/fluorescence detector

RP-UPLC-ESI/MSn :

Reverse-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry

T:

Tocopherol

T3:

Tocotrienol

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the ESF Project Number 2013/0048/1DP/1.1.1.2.0/13/APIA/VIAA/008 “Creation of a researcher group to investigate the possibilities of stone fruit trees propagation, quality improvement of generative processes and fruit usage.”

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Compliance with Ethics Requirements

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Latvia State Institute of Fruit-Growing, Graudu 1, Dobele, 3701, Latvia

    Paweł Górnaś, Inga Mišina, Ilze Grāvīte, Gunārs Lācis, Vitālijs Radenkovs, Anita Olšteine, Dalija Segliņa, Edīte Kaufmane & Edgars Rubauskis

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  1. Paweł Górnaś
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  2. Inga Mišina
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  3. Ilze Grāvīte
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  4. Gunārs Lācis
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  5. Vitālijs Radenkovs
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  7. Dalija Segliņa
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  8. Edīte Kaufmane
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  9. Edgars Rubauskis
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Correspondence to Paweł Górnaś.

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Górnaś, P., Mišina, I., Grāvīte, I. et al. Composition of tocochromanols in the kernels recovered from plum pits: the impact of the varieties and species on the potential utility value for industrial application. Eur Food Res Technol 241, 513–520 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-015-2480-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-015-2480-4

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