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Interlaboratory comparison of 25-hydroxyvitamin D assays: Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP) Intercomparison Study 2 — Part 2 ligand binding assays — impact of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on assay performance

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Abstract

An interlaboratory comparison study was conducted by the Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP) to assess the performance of ligand binding assays (Part 2) for the determination of serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. Fifty single-donor samples were assigned target values for concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 [25(OH)D2], 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [3-epi-25(OH)D3], and 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24R,25(OH)2D3] using isotope dilution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (ID LC-MS/MS). VDSP Intercomparison Study 2 Part 2 includes results from 17 laboratories using 32 ligand binding assays. Assay performance was evaluated using mean % bias compared to the assigned target values and using linear regression analysis of the test assay mean results and the target values. Only 50% of the ligand binding assays achieved the VDSP criterion of mean % bias ≤ |± 5%|. For the 13 unique ligand binding assays evaluated in this study, only 4 assays were consistently within ± 5% mean bias and 4 assays were consistently outside ± 5% mean bias regardless of the laboratory performing the assay. Based on multivariable regression analysis using the concentrations of individual vitamin D metabolites in the 50 single-donor samples, most assays underestimate 25(OH)D2 and several assays (Abbott, bioMérieux, DiaSorin, IDS-EIA, and IDS-iSYS) may have cross-reactivity from 24R,25(OH)2D3. The results of this interlaboratory study represent the most comprehensive comparison of 25(OH)D ligand binding assays published to date and is the only study to assess the impact of 24R,25(OH)2D3 content using results from a reference measurement procedure.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge David L. Duewer (NIST) for his suggestions and discussions regarding multivariable linear regression analysis. Bruno Emanuelli and Angelo Maggio (Care S.r.l), Vincent Chen and Jinyun Yuan (SNIBE), and Manisha Patwardhan (Golwilkar Metropolis Health Services Pvt. Ltd.) are acknowledged for contributing results to this study.

Funding

The Office of Dietary Supplements at the National Institutes of Health (NIH-ODS) provided partial funding for this study to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA

    Stephen A. Wise, Adam J. Kuszak, Joyce Merkel & Christopher T. Sempos

  2. Scientist Emeritus, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), MD, 20899, Gaithersburg, USA

    Stephen A. Wise

  3. Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA

    Johanna E. Camara, Carolyn Q. Burdette, Grace Hahm & Federica Nalin

  4. Biostatistics Core, The Sabin Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA

    Ramón A. Durazo-Arvizu

  5. Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W6 8RF, UK

    Emma L. Williams

  6. Abbott Laboratories, ADD Wiesbaden Abbott GmbH, 65205, Wiesbaden, Germany

    Christian Popp, Christian Beckert & Jan Schultess

  7. Awareness Technology, Inc., Palm City, FL, 34990, USA

    Glen Van Slooten

  8. bioMérieux, 69280, Marcy-l’Étoile, France

    Carole Tourneur & Camille Pease

  9. Clinical Diagnostics, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, 94547, USA

    Ravi Kaul & Alfredo Villarreal

  10. Clinical Lab, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, 05652-900, Brazil

    Marcelo Cidade Batista

  11. Immunodiagnostic Systems (IDS), Boldon, NE35 9PD, UK

    Heather Pham & Alex Bennett

  12. National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720, Bilthoven, BA, Netherlands

    Eugene Jansen

  13. National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan

    Dilshad Ahmed Khan

  14. Clinical Chemistry, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, D04 T6F4, Ireland

    Mark Kilbane & Patrick J. Twomey

  15. Siemens-Healthineers, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA

    James Freeman & Neil Parker

  16. University of Chester, Chester, CH1 4BJ, UK

    Sohail Mushtaq

  17. School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA

    Christine Simpson

  18. Clinical Chemistry, University of Liège, CHU de Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium

    Pierre Lukas & Étienne Cavalier

  19. Vitamin D Standardization Program LLC, Havre de Grace, MD, 21078, USA

    Christopher T. Sempos

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The National Institute of Standards and Technology Research Protections Office reviewed the protocol for this project and determined that it is “not human subjects research” as defined in 15 CFR 27, the Common Rule for the Protection of Human Subjects.

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The laboratory study participants agreed to the publication of their measurement data, laboratory identification, and measurement assay platform identification.

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S.A. Wise is an Editor of the journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry and was not involved in peer reviewing this manuscript. Several of the coauthors are employees of companies that produce assays that were evaluated in this study. There are no financial or nonfinancial competing interests for any of the coauthors.

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Certain commercial equipment or materials are identified in this paper to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology or the National Institutes of Health, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose.

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Wise, S.A., Camara, J.E., Burdette, C.Q. et al. Interlaboratory comparison of 25-hydroxyvitamin D assays: Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP) Intercomparison Study 2 — Part 2 ligand binding assays — impact of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on assay performance. Anal Bioanal Chem 414, 351–366 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03577-0

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