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In situ metabolite and lipid analysis of GluN2D−/− and wild-type mice after ischemic stroke using MALDI MSI

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Abstract

The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is a crucial mediator of pathological glutamate-driven excitotoxicity and subsequent neuronal death in acute ischemic stroke. Although the roles of the NMDAR’s composite GluN2A-C subunits have been investigated in this phenomenon, the relative importance of the GluN2D subunit has yet to be evaluated. Herein, GluN2D−/− mice were studied in a model of ischemic stroke using MALDI FT-ICR mass spectrometry imaging to investigate the role of the GluN2D subunit of the NMDA receptor in brain ischemia. GluN2D−/− mice underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and brain tissue was subsequently harvested, frozen, and cryosectioned. Tissue sections were analyzed via MALDI FT-ICR mass spectrometry imaging. MALDI analyses revealed increases in several calcium-related species, namely vitamin D metabolites, LysoPC, and several PS species, in wild-type mouse brain tissue when compared to wild type. In addition, GluN2D−/− mice also displayed an increase in PC, as well as a decrease in DG, suggesting reduced free fatty acid release from brain ischemia. These trends indicate that GluN2D−/− mice show enhanced rates of neurorecovery and neuroprotection from ischemic strokes compared to wild-type mice. The cause of neuroprotection may be the result of an increase in PGP in knockout mice, contributing to greater cardiolipin synthesis and decreased sensitivity to apoptotic signals.

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Acknowledgments

ABH was supported by NIGMS award R01-GM110406 and WTA was supported by NIA R21-AG062144. The authors would like to acknowledge the Campus Chemical Instrument Center at the Ohio State University for providing instrument usage, as well as Arpad Somogyi for helpful discussions and support. The 15 T Bruker SolariX FT-ICR instrument was supported by NIH Award Number Grant S10 OD018507.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 236 Cavanaugh Dr, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA

    William T. Andrews, Deborah Donahue, Adam Holmes, Rashna Balsara & Francis J. Castellino

  2. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 414 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA

    Amanda B. Hummon

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  1. William T. Andrews
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Andrews, W.T., Donahue, D., Holmes, A. et al. In situ metabolite and lipid analysis of GluN2D−/− and wild-type mice after ischemic stroke using MALDI MSI. Anal Bioanal Chem 412, 6275–6285 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02477-z

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