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A sensitive electrochemical impedance immunosensor for determination of malachite green and leucomalachite green in the aqueous environment

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Abstract

Application of malachite green (MG) and leucomalachite green (LMG) in fish farm water causes an environmental problem. This study proposes for the first time a sensitive and convenient electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method for determining MG and LMG by a bovine serum albumin-decorated gold nanocluster (BSA-AuNC)/antibody composite film-based immunosensor. In order to improve the analytical performance, the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with 1, 4-phenylenediamine to form a stable layer, and then, BSA-AuNCs were covalently bound to the GCE. An adequate quantity of the polyclonal antibody of LMG was immobilized onto the surface of the BSA-AuNCs by the chemical reaction of EDC/NHS. The sensors can respond to the specific target based on specific covalent bonding. The experimental parameters, such as the pH, incubating concentration, and time, have been investigated and optimized. The calibration curve for LMG was linear in the range of 0.1~10.0 ng/mL with the limit of detection (LOD) 0.03 ng/mL. Furthermore, the sum of MG and LMG was detected in fish farm water by MG reduction. The recovery was between 89.7 % and 99.2 % in spiked samples. The EC sensor method was also compared with the ELISA method and validated by the LC–MS/MS method, which proves its great promise as a field instrument for the rapid monitoring of MG and LMG pollution.

1, 4-Phenylenediamine and BSA-AuNC/antibody-decorated glassy carbon electrodes have been used for the impedimetric detection of the sum of malachite green and leucomalachite green via specific immuno-binding

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (31371779) and the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China (2015DFG31890).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), No. 12 Southern Street of Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100081, China

    Dan Zhu, Xiumei Pang, Yue Liu, Xue Wang & Gang Chen

  2. Ocean College, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18 Chaowang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China

    Qiangqiang Li

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  1. Dan Zhu
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  2. Qiangqiang Li
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  3. Xiumei Pang
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  4. Yue Liu
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Correspondence to Gang Chen.

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All procedures performed in studies involving animals were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution or practice at which the studies were conducted.

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Zhu, D., Li, Q., Pang, X. et al. A sensitive electrochemical impedance immunosensor for determination of malachite green and leucomalachite green in the aqueous environment. Anal Bioanal Chem 408, 5593–5600 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9660-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9660-3

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