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Changes in marijuana use symptoms and emotional functioning over 28-days of monitored abstinence in adolescent marijuana users

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Abstract

Rationale

Advancing marijuana prevention and intervention efforts are important given the decreasing perception of harm among adolescents and increasing marijuana legalization.

Objectives

This study evaluates how a monitored abstinence protocol may contribute to emotional functioning and changes in marijuana problems that can enhance successful outcomes for non-treatment-seeking adolescent marijuana users.

Methods

Adolescent marijuana users (n = 26) and demographically matched controls (n = 30) completed 28 days of monitored abstinence confirmed by biweekly urine toxicology. Participants were given measures of emotional functioning, marijuana use symptoms, and reward sensitivity during monitored abstinence.

Results

All participants (n = 56) completed the protocol, and 69% of marijuana users (n = 18 of 26) were confirmed abstinent for 28 days, with all users showing decreasing marijuana use. Reductions in subsyndromal depression, positive marijuana use expectancies, and poor sleep quality were observed by the end of the monitored abstinence period (n = 26, p values < .05). Marijuana users also reported more attentional impulsivity and less responsiveness to reward stimuli during the second week of abstinence compared to controls. Later age of onset of regular marijuana use and more cumulative lifetime use were associated with a greater degree of emotional change and increased recognition of the negative effects of marijuana use.

Conclusions

Monitored abstinence programs may be beneficial in reducing marijuana use, subsyndromal emotional distress symptoms, and changing beliefs about marijuana use. Future prevention and intervention efforts may consider targeting reward sensitivity and impulsivity, in addition to marijuana use, expectancies, and emotional functioning.

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Funding information

This study was supported by National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Grants R01 AA013419, U01 AA021692, U01 DA041089, P20 DA024194, K23 AA025399, and NCATS KL2 TR001444.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA

    Joanna Jacobus & Benjamin M. McKenna

  2. Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Joanna Jacobus, Silvia Escobar, Benjamin M. McKenna, Margie Mejia Hernandez, Kara S. Bagot & Charles T. Taylor

  3. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addiction Sciences Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA

    Lindsay M. Squeglia

  4. School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Marilyn A. Huestis

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  1. Joanna Jacobus
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  2. Lindsay M. Squeglia
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  3. Silvia Escobar
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  4. Benjamin M. McKenna
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  5. Margie Mejia Hernandez
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  6. Kara S. Bagot
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  7. Charles T. Taylor
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  8. Marilyn A. Huestis
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Correspondence to Joanna Jacobus.

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Jacobus, J., Squeglia, L.M., Escobar, S. et al. Changes in marijuana use symptoms and emotional functioning over 28-days of monitored abstinence in adolescent marijuana users. Psychopharmacology 234, 3431–3442 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-017-4725-3

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