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Changes in gene expression and sensitivity of cocaine reward produced by a continuous fat diet

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Abstract

Rationale

Preclinical studies report that free access to a high-fat diet (HFD) alters the response to psychostimulants.

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to examine how HFD exposure during adolescence modifies cocaine effects. Gene expression of CB1 and mu-opioid receptors (MOr) in the nucleus accumbens (N Acc) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) and ghrelin receptor (GHSR) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) were assessed.

Methods

Mice were allowed continuous access to fat from PND 29, and the locomotor (10 mg/kg) and reinforcing effects of cocaine (1 and 6 mg/kg) on conditioned place preference (CPP) were evaluated on PND 69. Another group of mice was exposed to a standard diet until the day of post-conditioning, on which free access to the HFD began.

Results

HFD induced an increase of MOr gene expression in the N Acc, but decreased CB1 receptor in the N Acc and PFC. After fat withdrawal, the reduction of CB1 receptor in the N Acc was maintained. Gene expression of GHSR in the VTA decreased during the HFD and increased after withdrawal. Following fat discontinuation, mice exhibited increased anxiety, augmented locomotor response to cocaine, and developed CPP for 1 mg/kg cocaine. HFD reduced the number of sessions required to extinguish the preference and decreased sensitivity to drug priming-induced reinstatement.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that consumption of a HFD during adolescence induces neurobiochemical changes that increased sensitivity to cocaine when fat is withdrawn, acting as an alternative reward.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Innovation and FEDER (PSI2014-51847-R and PSI2011-24762), Spanish Ministry of Health, Social Affairs and Equality (PNSD 2014-007); Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RTA) (RD12/0028/0005, RD12/0028/0019, RD16/0017/0007) and Unión Europea, Fondos FEDER “una manera de hacer Europa.” Generalitat Valenciana, PROMETEOII/2014/063. We wish to thank Brian Normanly for his English language editing.

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  1. Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, , Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain

    M. Carmen Blanco-Gandía, Sandra Montagud-Romero, Maria A. Aguilar, José Miñarro & Marta Rodríguez-Arias

  2. Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain

    Auxiliadora Aracil-Fernández & Jorge Manzanares

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  1. M. Carmen Blanco-Gandía
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  2. Auxiliadora Aracil-Fernández
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  3. Sandra Montagud-Romero
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  4. Maria A. Aguilar
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  7. Marta Rodríguez-Arias
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Correspondence to Marta Rodríguez-Arias.

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Blanco-Gandía, M.C., Aracil-Fernández, A., Montagud-Romero, S. et al. Changes in gene expression and sensitivity of cocaine reward produced by a continuous fat diet. Psychopharmacology 234, 2337–2352 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-017-4630-9

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