Abstract
Rationale
Acute cocaine administration produces an initial rewarding state followed by a dysphoric/anxiogenic “crash.”
Objective
The objective of this study was to determine whether individual differences in the relative value of cocaine’s positive and negative effects would account for variations in subsequent drug self-administration.
Methods
The dual actions of cocaine were assessed using a conditioned place test (where animals formed preferences for environments paired with the immediate rewarding effects of 1.0mg/kg i.v. cocaine or aversions of environments associated with the anxiogenic effects present 15-min postinjection) and a runway test (where animals developed approach-avoidance “retreat” behaviors about entering a goal box associated with cocaine delivery). Ranked scores from these two tests were then correlated with each other and with the escalation in the operant responding of the same subjects observed over 10 days of 1- or 6-h/day access to i.v. (0.4mg/inj) cocaine self-administration.
Results
Larger place preferences were associated with faster runway start latencies (r s = −0.64), but not with retreat frequency or run times; larger place aversions predicted slower runway start times (r s = 0.62), increased run times (r s = 0.65), and increased retreats (r s = 0.62); response escalation was observed in both the 1- and 6-h self-administration groups and was associated with increased CPPs (r s = 0.58) but not CPAs, as well as with faster run times (r s = −0.60).
Conclusions
Together, these data suggest that animals exhibiting a greater positive than negative response to acute (single daily injections of) cocaine are at the greatest risk for subsequent escalated cocaine self-administration, a presumed indicator of cocaine addiction.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by National Institute of Drug Abuse grants DA05041 and 033370 awarded to AE. The data described herein were collected as part of the undergraduate honors theses of VF and KK. We thank Dr. Osnat Ben-Shahar for her invaluable assistance and advice. The authors have no conflicts of interest to report.
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Ettenberg, A., Fomenko, V., Kaganovsky, K. et al. On the positive and negative affective responses to cocaine and their relation to drug self-administration in rats. Psychopharmacology 232, 2363–2375 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-015-3873-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-015-3873-6