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Anti-proliferative activity of chitosan-coated oxypeucedanin nano-chitosomes (COPD-NCs) against human HT-29 colon cancer cells: in vitro study

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Abstract

Oxypeucedanin (OPD) as a powerful anti-proliferative agent found in the Angelicae dahuricae has been used to suppress cancer cell growth. However, the hydrophobic chemical structure has limited its solubility and bio-accessibility. This is the first time OPD is encapsulated into a nano-liposomal structure and coated with poly-cationic chitosan polymer as the oxypeucedanin drug delivery system to evaluate its antioxidant and anti-colon cancer potential. The chitosan-coated oxypeucedanin nano-chitosomes (COPD-NCs) were synthesized utilizing the thin-layer hydration method and characterized by FESEM, DLS, FTIR, and zeta potential analysis. The anti-cancer potential of COPD-NC was analyzed by measuring the cell survival rate (MTT assay) and studying the cellular death type (AO/PI staining) following the increased treatment concentrations of COPD-NC on the HT-29 colon cancer cell line. Moreover, the COPD-NCs’ apoptotic activity was verified by analyzing Cas-3 and Cas-9 gene expression profiles. Finally, the COPD-NCs’ antioxidant activity was evaluated by applying ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP antioxidant assays. The 258.26-nm COPD-NCs significantly inhibited the HT-29 colon cancer cells compared with the normal fibroblast HFF cells. The up-regulated Cas-3 and Cas-9 gene expression exhibited the COPD-NCs’ apoptotic activity. Also, the COPD-NCs’ apoptotic activity was verified by detecting the increased apoptotic bodies following the AO/PI fluorescent staining in the increased exposure doses of COPD-NCs. Ultimately, the COPD-NCs meaningfully inhibited the ABTS-DPPH radicals and exhibited an appropriate FRAP-reductive potential. The designed nanostructure for COPD-NCs significantly improved its antioxidant potential and selective cytotoxicity on human HT-29 human cancer cells, which makes them a safe selective natural drug delivery system. Therefore, the COPD-NCs can selectively induce apoptotic death in human HT-29 cancer cells and have the potential to be studied as an anti-colon cancer compound. However, further cancer and normal cell lines are required to verify their selective cytotoxicity.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, and therefore is appreciated by the author.

Funding

This research was performed at personal expense in the laboratory of Islamic Azad University of Tehran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plasma Physics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Muntadher Aqeel Obaid Almohammed & Sakineh Meshkani

  2. Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

    Masoud Homayouni Tabrizi, Mahshid Sharbatiyan & Hasti Nasiraei Haghighi

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  1. Muntadher Aqeel Obaid Almohammed
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  2. Sakineh Meshkani
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  3. Masoud Homayouni Tabrizi
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  4. Mahshid Sharbatiyan
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Contributions

Muntadher Aqeel Obaid Almohammed, Mahshid Sharbatiyan and Hasti Nasiraei Haghighi: Methodology, Investigation, Formal analysis, Software and Writing-Original draft. Sakineh Meshkani, Masoud Homayouni Tabrizi: Supervision, Data curation, Conceptualization, Validation and Writing- Reviewing. The authors declare that all data were generated in-house and that no paper mill was used.

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Correspondence to Sakineh Meshkani.

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Almohammed, M.A.O., Meshkani, S., Homayouni Tabrizi, M. et al. Anti-proliferative activity of chitosan-coated oxypeucedanin nano-chitosomes (COPD-NCs) against human HT-29 colon cancer cells: in vitro study. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 397, 2133–2143 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-023-02748-3

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