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Polymer-mediated nanoformulations: a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy

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Abstract

Engineering polymer-based nano-systems have attracted many researchers owing to their unique qualities like shape, size, porosity, mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Both natural and synthetic polymers can be tuned to get desired surface chemistry and functionalization to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy by promoting targeted delivery to the tumor site. Recent advancements in cancer immunoediting have been able to manage both primary tumor and metastatic lesions via activation of the immune system. The combinations of nano-biotechnology and immunotherapeutic agents have provided positive outcomes by enhancing the host immune response in cancer therapy. The nanoparticles have been functionalized using antibodies, targeted antigens, small molecule ligands, and other novel agents that can interact with biological systems at nanoscale levels. Several polymers, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), and chitosan, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for clinical use in biomedicine. The polymeric nanoformulations such as polymers-antibody/antigen conjugates and polymeric drug conjugates are currently being explored as nanomedicines that can target cancer cells directly or target immune cells to promote anti-cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we focus on scientific developments and advancements on engineered polymeric nano-systems in conjugation with immunotherapeutic agents targeting the tumor microenvironment to improve their efficacy and the safety for better clinical outcomes.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University) for providing financial support and facilities.

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  1. Department of Bioscience and Technology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India

    Simranjit Kaur, Adesh K. Saini, Hardeep Singh Tuli, Nancy Garg & Reena V. Saini

  2. Central Research Cell, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India

    Adesh K. Saini & Reena V. Saini

  3. School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India

    Hemant Joshi

  4. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey

    Mehmet Varol

  5. Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia

    Jagjit Kaur

  6. Centre for Biotechnology, M.D. University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124 001, India

    Anil K. Chhillar

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Conceptualization, SK and RVS. Methodology, SK and RVS. Formal analysis, AKS and HST. Data curation, AKS and AKC. Writing—original draft preparation, SK, NG, HJ, MV, and JK. Writing—review and editing, RVS and AKS. Supervision, RVS and HST. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. The authors confirm that no paper mill and artificial intelligence was used.

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Kaur, S., Saini, A.K., Tuli, H.S. et al. Polymer-mediated nanoformulations: a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 397, 1311–1326 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-023-02699-9

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