Abstract
Hop stunt viroid (HSVd), a small, single stranded, circular, non-coding infectious RNA known to cause infection in various economically important crop plants. In the present investigation, a study was conducted in the southern part of Karnataka districts of India to detect the possible association of HSVd infection in mulberry plants. A total of 41 mulberry plants showing typical viroid-like symptoms along with asymptomatic samples were collected and screened using conventional Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) using a specific set of HSVd-Fw/ HSVd-Re primers. Out of 41 samples, the study confirmed the presence of HSVd in six samples of mulberry collected from Ramanagara (1 sample), Chikkaballapur (3 samples) and Doddaballapura (2 samples) regions with an expected HSVd amplicon size of ∼ 290–300 nucleotides. The mechanical transmission of HSVd was also confirmed on cucumber (cv. Suyo) seedlings through bioassay, which was reconfirmed by RT-PCR. The amplicons were cloned, sequenced, and the representative nucleotide sequences were deposited in the NCBI GenBank. Subsequently, molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that HSVd mulberry isolates from this study were most closely related to grapevine isolates, indicating a common origin. On the other hand, it was shown to belong to a different group from mulberry isolates so far reported from Iran, Italy, Lebanon, and China. The secondary structure analysis of HSVd mulberry Indian isolates exhibited substitutions in the terminal left, pathogenicity, and variable regions compared to those of the Indian grapevine isolates. As far as this study is concerned, HSVd was detected exclusively in some mulberry plants with viral-like symptoms, but the pathogenesis and symptom expression needs to be further investigated to establish the relationship between HSVd and the disease symptoms in the mulberry plants.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank DST-SERB, Govt. of India, New Delhi for providing funds through major research project No. SB/EMEQ-135/2013 Dated 11th October 2013. The first author thanks the University of Mysore for providing further fellowship through Univ. Order No. ViGha 03/06/2017–18 Dated 3rd October 2017.
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S.N.: Conceptualized the work and carried out analysis, drafting the manuscript, T.S. and T.N.: Analyzed data, contributed new methods or models and J.G.R.: overall monitoring of the work and fund acquisition for the work. All authors were involved in drafting and editing of the manuscript.
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N., S., Sano, T., Naoi, T. et al. Molecular phylogeny and secondary structure analysis of hop stunt viroid (HSVd) associated with Mulberry (Morus alba) in India. Arch Microbiol 206, 240 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-024-03966-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-024-03966-w