Abstract
Recent studies have established the possible role of microbiota in developing various diseases. In this regard, attention has shifted to the evaluation of microbiota changes in the paranasal sinuses and its relationship to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), especially CRS with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). This study aimed to examine the bacterial communities of the sphenoidal sinus in Iranian patients with and without CRS. The investigation included 36 subjects, including 18 patients with CRSwNP who underwent Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) and 18 non-CRS patients who underwent Endoscopic Endonasal Approach (EEA) for pituitary adenoma. The surgeries were performed under general anesthesia, and the sphenoidal sinus was sampled using sterile rayon-tipped swabs coated with a sheet. TaqMan quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method (the 16S rDNA gene from bacteria) was used for detection of bacterial communities in different samples. Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were significantly more prevalent in CRS patients than non-CRS patients (P value ≤ 0.05). However, no significant difference in the frequency of Corynebacterium spp. and Staphylococcus aureus was observed between the two groups, and no Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenza species were isolated from any of the samples. The current study’s findings indicated a significant difference in the frequency of certain bacterial species in patients with CRS vs. non-CRS patients. By establishing a link between microbial burden and CRS, it is possible to develop effective treatments or even prevent disorders in this body area.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Availability of data and materials
The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study is available within the article.
References
Allahdadi M, Hajihossein R, Kord M, Rahmati E, Amanloo S, Didehdar M (2019) Molecular characterization and antifungal susceptibility profile of dermatophytes isolated from scalp dermatophyte carriage in primary school children in Arak city, Center of Iran. J Mycol Med 29:19–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycmed.2019.01.002
Anderson M, Stokken J, Sanford T, Aurora R, Sindwani R (2016) A systematic review of the sinonasal microbiome in chronic rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 30:161–166. https://doi.org/10.2500/ajra.2016.30.4320
Beachler DC, Engels EA (2017) Chronic sinusitis and risk of head and neck cancer in the US elderly population. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 143:25–31. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2016.2624
Bhattacharyya N (2011) Incremental health care utilization and expenditures for chronic rhinosinusitis in the United States. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 120:423–427. https://doi.org/10.1177/000348941112000701
Biswas K, Hoggard M, Jain R, Taylor MW, Douglas RG (2015) The nasal microbiota in health and disease: variation within and between subjects. Front Microbiol 9:134. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00134
Biswas K et al (2019) Comparison of subtyping approaches and the underlying drivers of microbial signatures for chronic rhinosinusitis. mSphere. https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00679-18
Boase S et al (2013) The microbiome of chronic rhinosinusitis: culture, molecular diagnostics and biofilm detection. BMC Infect Dis 13:210. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-13-210
Bomar L, Brugger SD, Yost BH, Davies SS, Lemon KP (2016) Corynebacterium accolens releases antipneumococcal free fatty acids from human nostril and skin surface triacylglycerols. Mbio 7:e01725-e11715. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01725-15
Cope EK, Goldberg AN, Pletcher SD, Lynch SV (2017) Compositionally and functionally distinct sinus microbiota in chronic rhinosinusitis patients have immunological and clinically divergent consequences. Microbiome 5:53. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-017-0266-6
Di Cosola M, Cazzolla AP, Charitos IA, Ballini A, Inchingolo F, Santacroce L (2021) Candida albicans and oral carcinogenesis. A brief review. J Fungi (basel). https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7060476
Didehdar M et al (2015) First fatal cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to Rhinocladiella mackenziei in Iran, based on ITS rDNA. J Mycol Med 25:81–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycmed.2014.11.003
Didehdar M et al (2021) An overview of possible pathogenesis mechanisms of Alternaria alternata in chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis. Microb Pathog 155:104905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104905
Farokhipor S, Ghiasian SA, Nazeri H, Kord M, Didehdar M (2018) Characterizing the clinical isolates of dermatophytes in Hamadan city, Central west of Iran, using PCR-RLFP method. J Mycol Med 28:101–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycmed.2017.11.009
Feazel LM, Frank DN, Ramakrishnan VR (2011) Update on bacterial detection methods in chronic rhinosinusitis: implications for clinicians and research scientists. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 1:451–459. https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.20071
Grayson JW, Cavada M, Harvey RJ (2019) Clinically relevant phenotypes in chronic rhinosinusitis. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 48:23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40463-019-0350-y
Hauser LJ et al (2015) Sinus culture poorly predicts resident microbiota. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 5:3–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.21428
Hoggard M, Wagner Mackenzie B, Jain R, Taylor MW, Biswas K, Douglas RG (2017) Chronic rhinosinusitis and the evolving understanding of microbial ecology in chronic inflammatory mucosal disease. Clin Microbiol Rev 30:321–348. https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00060-16
Lee JT, Frank DN, Ramakrishnan V (2016) Microbiome of the paranasal sinuses: update and literature review. Am J Rhinol Allergy 30:3–16. https://doi.org/10.2500/ajra.2016.30.4255
Massoth L, Anderson C, McKinney KA (2019) Asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis: diagnosis and medical management. Med Sci (basel). https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci7040053
Moradabadi A, Fatemi A, Noroozi-Aghideh A (2019) Analysis of the reannealing- instead of melting-curve in the detection of JAK2 V617F mutation by HRM method. J Blood Med 10:235–241. https://doi.org/10.2147/jbm.s204222
Navab-Moghadam F et al (2017) The association of type II diabetes with gut microbiota composition. Microb Pathog 110:630–636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2017.07.034
Palmer JN, Messina JC, Biletch R, Grosel K, Mahmoud RA (2019) A cross-sectional, population-based survey of U.S. adults with symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis. Allergy Asthma Proc 40:48–56. https://doi.org/10.2500/aap.2019.40.4182
Peterson J et al (2009) The NIH human microbiome project. Genome Res 19:2317–2323. https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.096651.109
Quast C et al (2013) The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools. Nucleic Acids Res 41:D590-596. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks1219
Rom D et al (2019) The association between disease severity and microbiome in chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope 129:1265–1273. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.27726
Santacroce L et al (2020) The human respiratory system and its microbiome at a glimpse. Biology (basel). https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9100318
Santacroce L et al (2021) Focus on HPV infection and the molecular mechanisms of oral carcinogenesis. Viruses. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13040559
Shariati A et al (2021) Association between colorectal cancer and Fusobacterium nucleatum and Bacteroides fragilis bacteria in Iranian patients: a preliminary study. Infect Agent Cancer 16:41. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13027-021-00381-4
Stressmann FA et al (2011) Characterization of bacterial community diversity in chronic rhinosinusitis infections using novel culture-independent techniques. Am J Rhinol Allergy 25:e133-140. https://doi.org/10.2500/ajra.2011.25.3628
Tabet P, Endam LM, Boisvert P, Boulet LP, Desrosiers M (2015) Gram-negative bacterial carriage in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis is not associated with more severe inflammation. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 5:289–293. https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.21481
Tomassen P et al (2016) Inflammatory endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis based on cluster analysis of biomarkers. J Allergy Clin Immunol 137:1449-1456.e1444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.1324
Viljoen KS, Dakshinamurthy A, Goldberg P, Blackburn JM (2015) Quantitative profiling of colorectal cancer-associated bacteria reveals associations between fusobacterium spp., enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) and clinicopathological features of colorectal cancer. PLoS ONE 10:e0119462. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119462
Wagner Mackenzie B, Waite DW, Hoggard M, Douglas RG, Taylor MW, Biswas K (2017) Bacterial community collapse: a meta-analysis of the sinonasal microbiota in chronic rhinosinusitis. Environ Microbiol 19:381–392. https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.13632
Wagner Mackenzie B, Baker J, Douglas RG, Taylor MW, Biswas K (2019) Detection and quantification of Staphylococcus in chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 9:1462–1469. https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.22425
Acknowledgements
We are thankful to all Members of the Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences.
Funding
This research was supported by grant No: 97-4-4-13545 from Iran University of Medical Sciences.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
SR and AA conceived and designed the study. ZC and MM contributed in comprehensive research. SR, AA, MG and MJ collected the samples and performed the clinical part of the study. ZC and AS performed the microbiologic workup of the samples and wrote the paper. SR and AA participated in manuscript editing. Notably, all authors approved the definitive version of the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
Authors declare that there are no potential conflicts of interests in the present study.
Ethical approval
The study protocol and ethical issue were approved by the Ethics Committee of Iran University of Medical science (IR.IUMS.FMD.REC.1398.480). Notably, all methods were performed in accordance with the Ethics Committee of Iran University of Medical science guidelines and according to the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2012. All participants were informed of the objectives of this study and signed a written consent form prior to their participation.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Additional information
Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chegini, Z., Shariati, A., Asghari, A. et al. Molecular analysis of dominant paranasal sinus bacteria in patients with and without chronic rhinosinusitis. Arch Microbiol 204, 327 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-022-02914-w
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-022-02914-w