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Insights into growth kinetics and roles of enzymes of Krebs’ cycle and sulfur oxidation during exochemolithoheterotrophic growth of Achromobacter aegrifaciens NCCB 38021 on succinate with thiosulfate as the auxiliary electron donor

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Abstract

Achromobacter aegrifaciens NCCB 38021 was grown heterotrophically on succinate versus exochemolithoheterotrophically on succinate with thiosulfate as auxiliary electron donor. In batch culture, no significant differences in specific molar growth yield or specific growth rate were found for the two growth conditions, but in continuous culture in the succinate-limited chemostat, the maximum specific growth yield coefficient increased by 23.3% with thiosulfate present, consistent with previous studies of endo- and exochemolithoheterotrophs and thermodynamic predictions. Thiosulfate oxidation was coupled to respiration at cytochrome c551, and thiosulfate-dependent ATP biosynthesis occurred. Specific activities of cytochrome c-linked thiosulfate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.8.2.2) and two other enzymes of sulfur metabolism were significantly higher in exochemolithoheterotrophically grown cell extracts, while those of succinyl-transferring 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.2.4.2), fumarate hydratase (E.C. 4.2.1.2) and malate dehydrogenase (NAD+, E.C. 1.1.1.37) were significantly lower—presumably owing to less need to generate reducing equivalents during Krebs’ cycle, since they could be produced from thiosulfate oxidation.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank NCCB for the kind gift of strain NCCB 38021; Dr James Bray (University of Oxford) with assistance in having the associated genome sequence added to the public rMLST database, and Electrolab Biotech Ltd for the manufacture of the customised kinetic bioreactor for this work, funded by RG120444 (Royal Society).

Funding

The University of Plymouth provided a fully funded Ph.D studentship to LPH and the Royal Society (UK) provided Research Grant RG120444 to RB.

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  1. Lee P. Hutt

    Present address: School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, Devon, UK

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, Devon, UK

    Lee P. Hutt, A. John Moody & Rich Boden

  2. Electron Microscopy Unit, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, Devon, UK

    Glenn M. Harper

  3. Sustainable Earth Institute, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, Devon, UK

    A. John Moody & Rich Boden

  4. Marine Institute, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, Devon, UK

    Rich Boden

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Contributions

RB and LPH conceived the study with contributions from AJM; LPH carried out most of the experimental work and data analyses with supervision and assistance from RB and AJM; RB conducted phylogenetic and genome-related analyses and all thermodynamic determinations; GMH prepared specimens and conducted electron microscopy with LPH; LPH and RB wrote the manuscript. All authors reviewed and contributed comments to the manuscript and agreed it for publication.

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Correspondence to Rich Boden.

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Genome sequence data for Achromobacter aegrifaciens NCCB 38021 are publically available in the IMG database under Genome ID 2,770,939,327. All raw data are available on request from the corresponding author. The strain A. aegrifaciens NCCB 38021 is publically available from culture collections under codes given in the Materials and Methods and Introduction.

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Communicated by Johann Heider.

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Hutt, L.P., Harper, G.M., Moody, A.J. et al. Insights into growth kinetics and roles of enzymes of Krebs’ cycle and sulfur oxidation during exochemolithoheterotrophic growth of Achromobacter aegrifaciens NCCB 38021 on succinate with thiosulfate as the auxiliary electron donor. Arch Microbiol 203, 561–578 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-020-02028-1

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