Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Bacillus lonarensis sp. nov., an alkalitolerant bacterium isolated from a soda lake

  • Orginal Paper
  • Published:
Archives of Microbiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming novel bacterial strain 25nlgT was isolated from Lonar soda lake, in India. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was identified as a member of Firmicutes, being most closely related to Bacillus patagoniensis PAT 05T (96.6 %) and other members in the genus Bacillus (<96.0 %). Strain 25nlgT was catalase and oxidase-positive. The strain grows optimally at a pH of 9.5 with 4–6 % (w/v) NaCl and temperature of 35–37 °C. The cell wall of the strain 25nlgT contains meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic amino acid. Polar lipids include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unknown phospholipid (PL2), an aminophospholipid (APL2) and three unknown lipids (L2–4). The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. iso-C15:0 (41.7 %) was the predominant fatty acid, and significant proportions of anteiso-C15:0 (20.8 %), C12:0 (5.5 %), anteiso-C17:0 (4.9 %), iso-C17:0 (4.5 %) were also detected in the strain 25nlgT. The DNA G+C content of the strain 25nlgT was 40.5 mol%. The results of molecular, physiological and biochemical tests allowed a clear phenotypic differentiation of strain 25nlgT from all other members of the genus Bacillus. Strain 25nlgT represents a novel member of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus lonarensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 25nlgT (=KCTC 33413T = LMG 27974T = CGMCC = 1.12817T).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Antony CP, Doronina NV, Boden R, Trotsenko YA, Shouche YS, Murrell JC (2012) Methylophaga lonarensis sp. nov., a novel moderately haloalkaliphilic methylotroph isolated from the soda lake sediments of a meteorite impact crater. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 62:1613–1618

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arahal DR, Márquez MC, Volcani BE, Schleifer KH, Ventosa A (1999) Bacillus marismortui sp. nov., a new moderately halophilic species from the Dead Sea. Int J Syst Bacteriol 49(2):521–530

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ash C, Farrow JAE, Wallbanks S, Collins MD (1991) Phylogenetic heterogeneity of the genus Bacillus as revealed by comparative analysis of small-subunit-ribosomal RNA sequences. Lett Appl Microbiol 13:202–206

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balcàzar JL, Rojas-Luna T (2007) Inhibitory activity of probiotic Bacillus subtilis UTM 126 against Vibrio species confers protection against vibriosis in juvenile shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Curr Microbiol 55:409–412

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Banat IM, Makkar RS, Cameotra S (2000) Potential commercial applications of microbial surfactants. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 53:495–508

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baptist JN, Mandel M, Gherna RL (1978) Comparative zone electrophoresis of enzymes in the genus Bacillus. Int J Syst Bacteriol 28:229–244

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen YG, Hao DF, Chen QH, Zhang YQ, Liu JB, He JW, Tang SK, Li WJ (2011a) Bacillus hunanensis sp. nov., a slightly halophilic bacterium isolated from non-saline forest soil. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 99:481–488

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen YG, Zhang YQ, Chen QH, Klenk HP, He JW, Tang SK, Cui XL, Li WJ (2011b) Bacillus xiaoxiensis sp. nov., a slightly halophilic bacterium isolated from non-saline forest soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 61:2095–2100

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Claus D, Berkeley CW (1986) The genus Bacillus. In: Sneath PHA (ed) Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology, vol 2. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 1105–1139

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohn F (1872) Untersuchungen über Bacterien. Beitr Biol Pflanz 1:127–244

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins M, Jones D (1980) Lipids in the classification and identification of coryneform bacteria containing peptidoglycans based on 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid. J Appl Microbiol 48:459–470

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fahmy F, Flossdorf J, Claus D (1985) The DNA composition of the type strains of the genus Bacillus. Syst Appl Microbiol 6:60–65

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh A, Bhardwaj M, Satyanarayana T, Khurana M, Mayilraj S, Jain RK (2007) Bacillus lehensis sp. nov., an alkalitolerant bacterium isolated from soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57:238–242

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon RE, Haynes WC, Pang CH-N (eds) (1973) The genus Bacillus. Agriculture handbook No. 427. US Government Printing Office, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Hasegawa T, Takizaea M, Tanida S (1983) A rapid analysis for chemical grouping of aerobic actinomycetes. J Gen Appl Microbiol 29(4):319–322

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kämpfer P, Rosselló-Mora R, Falsen E, Busse HJ, Tindall BJ (2006) Cohnella thermotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov., and classification of ‘Paenibacillus hongkongensis’ as Cohnella hongkongensis sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56:781–786

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kates M (1972) Techniques of lipidology. Elsevier, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Kates M (1986) Techniques of lipidology: isolation, analysis, and identification of lipids. Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim OS, Cho YJ, Lee K, Yoon SH, Kim M, Na H, Park SC, Jeon YS, Lee JH, Yi H, Won S, Chun J (2012) Introducing EzTaxon-e: a prokaryotic 16S rRNA Gene sequence database with phylotypes that represent uncultured species. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 62:716–721

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kimura M (1980) A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol 16:111–120

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar AP, Srinivas TNR, Madhu S, Manorama R, Shivaji S (2010a) Indibacter alkaliphilus gen. nov., sp. nov., an alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from a haloalkaline lake. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 60:721–726

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar AP, Srinivas TNR, Pavan Kumar P, Madhu S, Shivaji S (2010b) Nitritalea halalkaliphila gen. nov., sp. nov., an alkaliphilic bacterium of the family ‘Cyclobacteriaceae’, phylum Bacteroidetes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 60:2320–2325

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Logan NA, Berge O, Bishop AH, Busse H-J, De Vos P, Fritze D et al (2009) Proposed minimal standards for describing new taxa of aerobic, endospore forming bacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 59:2114–2121

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marmur J (1961) A procedure for the isolation of deoxyribonucleic acid from microorganisms. J Mol Biol 3:208–218

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meier-Kolthoff Jan P, Alexander FA, Klenk HP, Göker M (2013) Genome sequence-based species delimitation with confidence intervals and improved distance functions. BMC Bioinformatics 14:60

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mesbah M, Premachandran U, Whitman WB (1989) Precise measurement of the G+C content of deoxyribonucleic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography. Int J Syst Bacteriol 39:159–167

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen P, Rainey FA, Outtrup H, Priest FG, Fritze D (1994) Comparative 16S rDNA sequence analysis of some alkaliphilic bacilli and the establishment of a sixth rRNA group within the genus Bacillus. FEMS Microbiol Lett 117:61–65

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olivera N, Siňeriz F, Breccia JD (2005) Bacillus patagoniensis sp. nov., a novel alkalitolerant bacterium from the rhizosphere of Atriplex lampa in Patagonia, Argentina. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55:443–447

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oren A, Duker S, Ritter S (1996) The polar lipid composition of Walsby’s square bacterium. FEMS Microbiol Lett 138:135–140

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oren A, Ventosa A, Grant WD (1997) Proposed minimal standards for description of new taxa in the Order Halobacteriales. Int J Syst Bacteriol 47:233–238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pappa A, Sánchez-Porro C, Lazoura P, Kallimanis A, Perisynakis A, Ventosa A, Drainas C, Koukkou A (2010) Bacillus halochares sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from a solar saltern. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 60(6):1432–1436

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Priest FG (1981) DNA homology in the genus Bacillus. In: Berkeley RC, Goodfellow M (eds) The aerobic endospore-forming bacteria. Academic Press, London, pp 33–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramos HC, Hoffmann T, Marino M, Nedjari H, Presecan-Siedel E, Dreesen O, Glaser P, Jahn D (2000) Fermentative metabolism of Bacillus subtilis: physiology and regulation of gene expression. J Bacteriol 182(11):3072–3080

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sasser M (1990) Identification of bacteria by gas chromatography of cellular fatty acids. MIDI Inc, Newark

    Google Scholar 

  • Schleifer KH (1985) Analysis of the chemical composition and primary structure of murein. Methods Microbiol 18:123–156

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schleifer KH, Kandler O (1972) Peptidoglycan types of bacterial cell walls and their taxonomic implications. Bacteriol Rev 36:407–477

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schumann P (2011) Peptidoglycan Structure. In: Rainey F, Oren A (eds) Taxonomy of prokaryotes, methods in microbiology, vol 38. Academic Press, London, pp 101–129

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Smibert RM, Krieg NR (1981) General characterization. In: Gerhardt P, Murray RGE, Costilow RN, Nester EW, Wood WA, Krieg NR, Phillips GB (eds) Manual of methods for general microbiology. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, pp 409–443

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith NR, Gordon RE, Clark FE (1952) Aerobic spore-forming bacteria. United States Department of Agriculture Monograph No. 16. Washington DC

  • Sorokulova IB, Pinchuk IV, Denayrolles M, Osipova IG, Huang JM, Cutting SM, Urdaci MC (2008) The safety of two Bacillus probiotic strains for human use. Dig Dis Sci 53:954–963

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Srinivas A, Rahul K, Sasikala Ch, Subhash Y, Ramprasad EVV, Ramana ChV (2012) Georgenia satyanarayanai sp. nov., an alkaliphilic and thermotolerant amylase producing actinobacterium isolated from a soda lake. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 62:2405–2409

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stackebrandt E, Ebers J (2006) Taxonomic parameters revisited: tarnished gold standards. Microbiol Today 33:152–155

    Google Scholar 

  • Stackebrandt E, Goebel BM (1994) Taxonomic note: a place for DNA–DNA reassociation and 16S rRNA sequence analysis in the present species definition in bacteriology. Int J Syst Bacteriol 44:846–849

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tamaoka J, Fujimura Y-K, Kuraishi H (1983) Analysis of bacterial menaquinone mixtures by high performance liquid chromatography. J Appl Microbiol 54:31–36

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S (2011) MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 28:2731–2739

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tindall BJ (1990a) Lipid composition of Halobacterium lacusprofundi. FEMS Microbiol Lett 66:199–202

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tindall BJ (1990b) A comparative study of the lipid composition of Halobacterium saccharovorum from various sources. Syst Appl Microbiol 13:128–130

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vishnuvardhan Reddy S, Aspana S, Tushar DL, Sasikala CH, Ramana V (2013) Spirochaeta sphaeroplastigenens sp. nov., a halo-alkaliphilic, obligately anaerobic spirochaete isolated from soda lake Lonar. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 63:2223–2228

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • You ZQ, Li J, Qin S, Tian XP, Wang FZ, Zhang S, Li WJ (2013) Bacillus abyssalis sp. nov., isolated from a sediment of the South China Sea. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 103(5):963–969

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yumoto I, Hirota K, Goto T, Nodasaka Y, Nakajima K (2005) Bacillus oshimensis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic, non-motile alkaliphile. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55:907–911

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. AC. Parte for his expert suggestion for correct species epithet and Latin etymology. The authors also thank Dr. Claudine Vereecke, LMG Belgium for B. patagoniensis PAT 05T culture. SVR and MT thank Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, for providing FTSYS project grants (SB/FT/LS-115/2012 and SB/FT/LS-320/2012, repectively). FM also thanks Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, for providing PA fellowship.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Microbial Ecology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi University, Anneparthy, Yellareddygudem (PO), Nalgonda, 508254, India

    Sultanpuram Vishnuvardhan Reddy, Mothe Thirumala & Mohammed Farooq

  2. Bacterial Discovery Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Institute of Science and Technology, J. N. T. University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, 500085, India

    Chintalapati Sasikala

  3. Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad, 500046, India

    Chintalapati Venkata Ramana

Authors
  1. Sultanpuram Vishnuvardhan Reddy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mothe Thirumala
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mohammed Farooq
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Chintalapati Sasikala
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Chintalapati Venkata Ramana
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sultanpuram Vishnuvardhan Reddy.

Additional information

Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt.

The EMBL accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain 25nlgT is HG934297.

Electronic supplementary material

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Reddy, S.V., Thirumala, M., Farooq, M. et al. Bacillus lonarensis sp. nov., an alkalitolerant bacterium isolated from a soda lake. Arch Microbiol 197, 27–34 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-014-1040-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-014-1040-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation