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The quality problems at low irradiance in the grid-connected photovoltaic systems

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Abstract

Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy is one of the most prominent topics that have attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. The use of solar energy is increasing rapidly in the world. Although using PV energy has various advantages, it has some disadvantages. Among these disadvantages, power factor (PF) and total harmonic distortion (THD) issues are discussed in this article. When solar PV systems are integrated into the grid, various power quality problems arise. In addition, due to low power quality and high harmonics, power system components overheat and start operating in undesirable regions; causes great damage. The magnitude of PF and THD is dependent on solar irradiation values. In order to determine how the power quality in the grid-connected solar system is affected by changes in solar irradiation (G), results for various irradiation situations are presented and analyzed. In addition, at low irradiance values, the amplitude of harmonic components and reactive power increases, whereas the power factor of the PV system decreases. Low power factor and high amplitude of harmonics cause the efficiency of the solar system to decrease. In this study, PF and THDI values were measured on a particular cloudy day for analysis. An analysis of the solar PV system was conducted using Matlab/simulation program to model the grid-connected PV system. Thus, the analytical expression of the PF and THDI, which are dependent on irradiation, was found with a new method by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program and the curve fitting method. Obtaining the analytical expressions for both solar irradiation (G) and power factor (PF) used the SPSS program and also solar irradiation (G) and total harmonic distortion (THDI) used the MATLAB curve fitting method which contributed to the science comparing to the existing literature. It can be prevented the low power quality by using such these expressions at low solar irradiation cases.

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Availability of data and materials

The datasets used or analyzed during the current study are available through the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work. The authors have no relevant financial or nonfinancial interests to disclose.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Energy, Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin, Turkey

    Suleyman Adak

  2. Departman of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey

    Hasan Cangi

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  1. Suleyman Adak
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  2. Hasan Cangi
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Contributions

SA designed the observers and prepared the manuscript. HC tested the observers in simulations and experiments and prepared the figures. Both authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Suleyman Adak.

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Adak, S., Cangi, H. The quality problems at low irradiance in the grid-connected photovoltaic systems. Electr Eng (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-024-02351-6

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