Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Impact of wind power generation on ATC calculation with uncertain equal load

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Electrical Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Available transfer capability (ATC) is very important for system operators for a fair and transparent electricity market. There are many methods to calculate and to improve the ATC value in the power system. Due to green energy focus across the globe, renewable energy integration to the system to improve the ATC value need to be established. Lots of literature have been published on wind power integration to improve ATC value using active power support. During highly loaded conditions, reactive power plays an important role. In this paper, active as well as reactive power of wind turbine generation for ATC calculation has been considered. The reactive power limit has been considered based on the capability curve of the wind turbine generator. Real-time wind speed data for wind power output calculation are taken. The impact analysis of wind power generation on ATC variation under normal as well as contingency cases has been carried out. The effectiveness of the proposed method is tested on the IEEE-30 bus system.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

ACPTDF:

AC power distribution factor

ATC:

Available transfer capability

CBM:

Capacity benefit margin

CSO:

Cat swarm optimization

DCPTDF:

DC power distribution factor

DFIG:

Doubly fed induction generator

DRCC:

Distributionally robust chance constrained

FACTS:

Flexible AC transmission system

HB:

Hopf bifurcation

IEA:

Indian Electricity Act

LMI:

Linear matrix inequality

MCS:

Monte Carlo simulation

MIL:

Mixed-integer linear programming problem

MLPNN:

Multilayer perceptron neural network

MO:

Market operator

MPEC:

Mathematical program with equilibrium constraints

NR:

Newton–Raphson

OPF:

Optimal power flow

pu:

Per unit

RES:

Renewable energy sources

SVC:

Static var compensators

SVR:

Support vector regression

WECS:

Wind energy conversion system

TCSC:

Thyristor-controlled series compensation

WG:

Wind generation

WPG:

Wind power generation

\(R\) :

Length of the blade

\(P_{ab}^{max}\) :

Thermal limit of the line between buses a and b

\(N_{L}\) :

Total number of lines

\(\Delta P_{ab}^{New}\) :

Change in real power flow between lines a and b

\(C_{p\_max}\) :

Maximum power coefficient

\(\Delta tr_{k}\) :

Bilateral transaction in line-k

\(U_{a}\) :

Voltage of bus a

\(\rho\) :

Air density

\({\text{x}}_{ab}\) :

Reactance of line between \({\text{ line a and line b}}\)

\(X_{ac}\) :

Entry in the ath row and cth column of the reactance matrix X

\(\Delta qu_{l}\) :

Active power change in line-l

\(\nu\) :

Speed of the wind

\(\theta_{ab}\) :

Angle between bus voltages

\(P_{t\_max}\) :

Power output of the wind turbine

\(Y_{ab}\) :

Admittance matrix

\(P_{ab}^{0}\) :

Base case power flow between buses a and b

\({\text{ATC}}_{ab}\) :

Available transfer capability in MW

\(P_{cd}^{New}\) :

Power linked with new transaction

\(P_{{{\text{ab}}}}\) :

Real power flow from line a to line b

\({\text{PTDF}}_{ab,cd}\) :

Power transfer distribution factor for DC (DCPTDF) and AC (ACPTDF)

References

  1. Thakur T, Deshmukh SG, Kaushik SC, Kulshrestha M (2005) Impact assessment of the Electricity Act 2003 on the Indian power sector. Energy Policy 33(9):1187–1198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Narain A, Srivastava SK, Singh SN (2020) Congestion management approaches in restructured power system: key issues and challenges. Electr J 33(3):106715

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Mohammed OO, Mustafa MW, Mohammed DSS, Otuoze AO (2019) Available transfer capability calculation methods: a comprehensive review. Int Trans Electr Energy Syst 29(6):e2846

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Bhesdadiya RH, Patel RM (2016) Available transfer capability calculation using deterministic methods: a case study of Indian power system. In: 2016 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT), pp. 2261–2264. IEEE

  5. Othman, M. M., Abd Rahman, N., Musirin, I., Fotuhi-Firuzabad, M., & Rajabi-Ghahnavieh, A. (2015). A heuristic ranking approach on capacity benefit margin determination using pareto-based evolutionary programming technique. The Scientific World Journal, 2015.

  6. Wang B, Fang X, Zhao X, Chen H (2015) Bi-level optimization for available transfer capability evaluation in deregulated electricity market. Energies 8(12):13344–13360

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Kumar A, Srivastava SC, Singh SN (2004a) Available transfer capability assessment in a competitive electricity market using a bifurcation approach. IEE Proceedings-Gener, TransmDistrib 151(2):133–140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Srinivasan A, Venkatesh P, Dineshkumar B, Ramkumar N (2015) Dynamic available transfer capability determination in power system restructuring environment using support vector regression. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst 69:123–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Othman MM, Busan S (2015) A novel approach of rescheduling the critical generators for a new available transfer capability determination. IEEE Trans Power Syst 31(1):3–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Nireekshana T, Rao GK, Raju SS (2016) Available transfer capability enhancement with FACTS using cat swarm optimization. Ain Shams Eng J 7(1):159–167

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Kumar A, Kumar J (2013) ATC determination with FACTS devices using PTDFs approach for multi-transactions in competitive electricity markets. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst 44(1):308–317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Christie RD, Wollenberg BF, Wangensteen I (2000) Transmission management in the deregulated environment. Proc IEEE 88(2):170–195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Kumar A, Srivastava SC, Singh SN (2004b) Available transfer capability (ATC) determination in a competitive electricity market using AC distribution factors. Electric Power ComponSyst 32(9):927–939

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Kumar J, Kumar A (2011) ACPTDF for multi-transactions and ATC determination in deregulated markets. Int J Electrical ComputEng (IJECE) 1(1):71–84

    Google Scholar 

  15. Herbert GJ, Iniyan S, Sreevalsan E, Rajapandian S (2007) A review of wind energy technologies. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 11(6):1117–1145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Georgilakis PS (2008) Technical challenges associated with the integration of wind power into power systems. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 12(3):852–863

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Bajaj M, Singh AK (2020) Grid integrated renewable DG systems: a review of power quality challenges and state-of-the-art mitigation techniques. Int J Energy Res 44(1):26–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Sharifzadeh M, Lubiano-Walochik H, Shah N (2017) Integrated renewable electricity generation considering uncertainties: the UK roadmap to 50% power generation from wind and solar energies. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 72:385–398

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Gupta A, Kumar A (2016) Optimal power flow based ATC calculation incorporating probabilistic nature of wind. In: 2016 IEEE Students' Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Science (SCEECS), pp. 1–6. IEEE

  20. Xie J, Wang L, Bian Q, Zhang X, Zeng D, Wang K (2016) Optimal available transfer capability assessment strategy for wind integrated transmission systems considering uncertainty of wind power probability distribution. Energies 9(9):704

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Chen H, Fang X, Zhang R, Jiang T, Li G, Li F (2017) Available transfer capability evaluation in a deregulated electricity market considering correlated wind power. IET GenerTransmDistrib 12(1):53–61

    Google Scholar 

  22. Kou X, Li F (2018) Interval optimization for available transfer capability evaluation considering wind power uncertainty. IEEE Trans Sustain Energy 11(1):250–259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Khosravifard M, Shaaban M (2015) Risk-based available transfer capability assessment including nondispatchable wind generation. Int Trans Electrical Energy Syst 25(11):3169–3183

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Tian J, Su C, Chen Z (2013) Reactive power capability of the wind turbine with doubly fed induction generator. In: IECON 2013–39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, pp. 5312–5317. IEEE.

  25. Singh B, Singh SN (2009) Improved reactive power capability of grid connected doubly-fed induction generators. Wind Eng 33(4):403–415

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, UP, 273010, India

    Aishvarya Narain & S. K. Srivastava

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India

    S. N. Singh

Authors
  1. Aishvarya Narain
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. K. Srivastava
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. S. N. Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Aishvarya Narain.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Narain, A., Srivastava, S.K. & Singh, S.N. Impact of wind power generation on ATC calculation with uncertain equal load. Electr Eng 104, 3–11 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-020-01159-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-020-01159-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation